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LC COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

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1
Q

what can be used to understand word meaning?

A

semantic networks

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2
Q

what do semantic networks propose?

A

a hierarchical structure of unitary nodes and labelled links between them

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3
Q

why are semantic networks useful?

A

to understand how properties are inherited, and can predict sentence verification times

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4
Q

issues with semantic networks

A

do not consider familiarity or typicality effects

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5
Q

what does part of semantic memory consist of?

A

world knowledge

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6
Q

hagoort et al. (2004) concluded…

A

determined word meaning and world knowledge are integrated at the same time

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7
Q

where is broca’s area located?

A

in the inferior frontal gyrus

residing in the left cerebral hemisphere

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8
Q

broca’s aphasia

A

deficit in speech production, that can also impair reading and writing

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9
Q

what may broca’s aphasia also be involved in?

A

muscle movements, syntax, grammar, and verbal working memory

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10
Q

where is wernicke’s area located?

A

posterior temporal lobe

residing in the left cerebral cortex

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11
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

damage produces a deficit where patients can produce speech that resembles fluent language, but is meaningless

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12
Q

the wernicke-geschwind model suggests…

A
  1. meaningful speech is created in WA
  2. BA determines the movements needed for vocalisation and sends info to the motor cortex
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13
Q

challenges with processing language

A
  • meaning integration
  • syntactic integration
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14
Q

meaning integration

A

the meaning of words must be computed to create different meaning representations

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15
Q

syntactic integration

A

different grammatical sentences can be made based on the syntactic role of words

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16
Q

how is syntactic comprehension studied?

A

using priming paradigms and repetition suppression

17
Q

which brain regions underlie syntactic comprehension?

A
  • left inferior frontal gyrus
  • posterior temporal lobe
  • parietal regions, frontal cortex, premotor cortex
  • right inferior frontal gyrus
18
Q

which brain regions underlie language comprehension?

A

similar activity between networks, regardless of production or comprehension

19
Q

what is bilingualism?

A

“an individual who has the mental representation of more than one language for the purpose of speaking and understanding”

20
Q

how is bilingualism measured?

A

functional usage (how much) and verbal proficiency (how well)

21
Q

where can dual language activation be seen?

A

in listening, speaking, and reading tasks

22
Q

why are priming effects present for bilinguals?

A

as words can be semantically and phonologically related

23
Q

what do dual language activation and priming effects suggest?

A

evidence that the brain is able to accommodate the presence of two languages

24
Q

cross-language competition in speech planning is resolved by…

A
  1. develop skills in attended to the critical information that signals language status
  2. learn to inhibit irrelevant information once activated
25
Q

benefits of managing two languages

A
  • promote cognitive benefits
  • executive function and frontal lobe development
  • delays the onset of dementia symptoms
26
Q

why are there bilingual advantages in the stroop test and simon task?

A

reduced incongruency effects can be explained by experience in resolving competition across the two languages

27
Q

what tasks are bilinguals poorer at?

A

word retrieval and fluency

28
Q

brain activity in bilingualism

A
  • activated a lesser portion of the ACC
  • greater grey matter volume in inferior parietal lobe, which correlated with L2 proficiency and age of acquisition
29
Q

unimodal bilinguals

A

two spoken languages

30
Q

linguistic output channel of unimodal bilinguals

A

vocal articulation

31
Q

bimodal bilinguals

A

a signed and a spoken language

32
Q

linguistic output channel of bimodal bilinguals

A

vocal and manual articulation

33
Q

bimodal bilinguals and ASL

A

produce on average 4 ASL signs when talking to a non-signer

34
Q

what was concluded about bilingual bimodalism?

A

inhibition was less necessary when languages do not compete for the same articulators

35
Q

what is there no evidence of for bimodal bilinguals?

A

that they are better at inhibition tasks

LC COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (10 decks)

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