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LC COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY > Everyday Memory > Flashcards

Everyday Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

what does memory allow for?

A

storing, retaining, reconstructing, and future planning

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2
Q

what is memory intertwined with?

A

other cognitive functions such as perception, language, learning, and attention

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3
Q

learning

A

a change in organism’s behaviour as a result of experience

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4
Q

memory

A

the ability to recall or recognise previous experience

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5
Q

memory trace

A

a mental representation of a previous experience

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6
Q

maguire et al. (2006) found…

A

the greater spatial knowledge of taxi drivers resulted in
- greater grey matter volume in posterior hippocampus
- and less volume in anterior hippocampus

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7
Q

what does everyday memory refer to?

A

the memories experienced by people in their everyday life

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8
Q

what is a subset of everyday memory?

A

autobiographical memories

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9
Q

what does traditional memory research focus on?

A

accuracy

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10
Q

what does everyday memory research focus on?

A

content

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11
Q

accuracy

A

ability to remember something

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12
Q

content

A

whether crucial information is remembered

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13
Q

why is everyday memory not completely distinct from traditional memory research?

A

as it is related to episodic memory and semantic memory

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14
Q

what are schemas?

A

an integrated knowledge structure for situations

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15
Q

what do schemas determine?

A

how information is processed, remembered, and whether it is changed/updated over time

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16
Q

what is memory an interaction between?

A

events (general world knowledge) and pre-existing schema (memory traces)

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17
Q

schematic processing principle

A

schema-relevant information is better memory
- schema-congruent can provide retrieval cues
- schema-incongruent is elaborated attention

schema-irrelevant information does not provide good memory

18
Q

remembering

A

reproduction or reconstruction of an event

19
Q

what does remembering involve?

A
  • making schema-based inferences to produce a coherent story
  • rationalisations which make this in line with cultural expectations
20
Q

autobiographical memory

A

consists of memory for events in one’s own life

21
Q

infantile amnesia

A

lack of autobiographical memories before age of 3

22
Q

reminiscence bump

A

increased autobiographical memories at 15-25 years old

23
Q

recency effect

A

better autobiographical retention for recent events

24
Q

childhood amnesia can be explained by: freud

A

sexual repression of feelings towards parent

25
Q

childhood amnesia can be explained by: neurological

A

hippocampus and frontal lobes under development

26
Q

childhood amnesia can be explained by: memory

A

underdeveloped schemas and semantic memory

27
Q

childhood amnesia can be explained by: language

A

language development is not finished

28
Q

childhood amnesia can be explained by: cognition

A

cognitive self is still emerging

29
Q

cross-cultural differences in memory

A

average age of first memories is earlier in the US than china

30
Q

how can the reminiscence bump be explained?

A
  1. neurological view
  2. identity formation view
  3. cognitive view
31
Q

neurological view

A

brain peak as it neither matures nor declines

32
Q

identity formation view

A

the time of important decisions, as adult identity is being developed.

this provides a stable organisation structure to cue events

33
Q

cognitive view

A

primary effect believes there is better memory for first time events which are experienced around this age

34
Q

what does the cognitive view relate to?

A

less proactive interference and is supported by immigrant studies, where people who emigrated later had a reminiscence bump at older ages

35
Q

flashbulb memories (FM)

A

highly detailed memories for surprising events that are relatively resistant to forgetting

36
Q

what does research show about FM?

A

same rate of forgetting between FM and recent memories, however FM tend to feel special and people believe more strongly these are accurate

37
Q

what do false memories involve?

A

remembering situations that did not happen, or remembering things different from the way they really were

38
Q

loftus conducted studies on how wording can influence memory and found…

A
  • leading questions can cause retroactive interference
  • eyewitnesses can show response bias
  • eyewitnesses can show source misattribution
  • leading questions can influence memory retrieval
39
Q

retroactive interference

A

new information interferes with ability to recall past information

40
Q

proactive interference

A

previously learned information interrupts the storage and retrieval of new information

LC COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (10 decks)

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