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Equine Medicine > Lameness > Flashcards

Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

Grade 0 Lameness

A

Animal is sound

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2
Q

Grade 1 Lameness

A

Inconsistent on circle

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3
Q

Grade 2 Lameness

A

Inconsistent on straight line but consistent on a circle

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4
Q

Grade 3 Lameness

A

Consistent on straight line

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5
Q

Grade 4 Lameness

A

Lame at walk

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6
Q

Grade 5 Lameness

A

Non-weight bearing

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7
Q

What is the typical sign of front leg lameness?

A

Head goes up when the lame leg lands

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8
Q

What is the typical sign of hindlimb lameness?

A

Hip hike - point of hip moves up and down more exaggeratedly when the lame leg lands

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9
Q

What systematic process would you follow to diagnose lameness?

A

History, age, breed, use Examine from a distance Examine at trot in hand Identify lame leg/s Hoof testers Palpate each limb joint / soft tissue structure Flexion tests Nerve blocks Diagnostic Imaging Treatment plan

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of hoof lameness?

A
  1. increased/asymmetric digital pulses 2. increased heat in hoof capsule 3. pain on palpation of the coronet 4. pain on hoof testers / percussion
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11
Q

What are sites for local anesthetic of the distal limb?

A

Palmar digital nerve block (PDNB); Distal interphalangeal joint block (DIP); Abaxial sesamoid nerve block; Navicular bursa block

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12
Q

What is blocked by a palmar digital nerve block? How would you test it has worked?

A

Caudal 1/3 of the foot (heels), navicular bone, P3, variable amount of sole and DIP joint. Test by pricking the heels.

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13
Q

What is blocked by an abaxial sesamoid nerve block?

A

Mid pastern and below.

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14
Q

What is blocked by a distal interphalangeal joint block?

A

The distal interphalangeal joint, the sole and navicular bone.

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15
Q

What is a significant different between a DIP joint block and a palmar digital nerve block?

A

No loss of skin sensation from a DIP joint block.

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16
Q

What does the term ‘dropped sole’ refer to?

A

Distal displacement of P3.

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17
Q

How would you treat seedy toe?

A

Resection of diseases wall and laminae. Placement of a bar shoe with clips.

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18
Q

What can cause corns on horse’s feet?

A

ill fitting shoes / prolonged shoeing interval

19
Q

How would you treat equine corns?

A

Resect bruised/thickened sole and place a wide webbed seated out shoe

20
Q

What is Brad’s favourite shoe type for horses?

A

Wide webbed deep seated out aluminium shoes

21
Q

What is the difference between a Type I and Type II hoof wall crack?

A

Type I wall cracks do not involve the coronet but Type II cracks do.

22
Q

What are your main differential diagnoses for 4-5/5 lameness?

A

Subsolar abscess Penetrating sole injury / foreign body Septic synovitis Fracture Cellulitis

23
Q

What is the most important thing to do for a subsolar abscess?

A

Provide an adequate drainage hole so it does not plug up prematurely.

24
Q

Describe a hospital plate?

A

A bar shoe with a plate secured to the solar surface to protect the sole / surgical site. Can unscrew plate to access sole.

25
Q

What condition is pictured and how would you treat it?

A

Canker - proliferative degeneration of the froh and digital cushion.

Radical debridement under GA and packing with metronidazole paste.

26
Q

What condition is pictured and how would you treat it?

A

Sheared heels.

Treat with bar shoe and ‘float; the highest heel so it is non weight bearing.

27
Q

How would you treat a P3 fracture?

A

Bar shoe with side clips maintained for at least 3-6 months

28
Q

How would you treat navicular syndrome?

A

Intra-articular medication of the DIP joint / navicular bursa.

Raised heel aluminium shoe.

Palmar digital neurectomy.

29
Q

What can using a raised heel shoe for too long predispose to?

A

Crushed heels.

30
Q

What may indicate synovial involvement of a puncture wound to the hoof?

A

If the foreign body enters the frog; marked distal limb swelling; 5/5 lameness.

31
Q

How would you radiograph a puncture wound of the hoof?

A

With a sterile probe or contrast study (NOT BARIUM)

32
Q

Which synovial structures might be affected by a penetrating sole injury?

A

Navicular bursa; DIP joint; Digital tendon sheath

33
Q

What is a keratoma and how would you treat?

A

Benign tumor originating from keratinised laminae. Surgical resection.

34
Q

Describe laminitis:

A

Inflammatory disturbance to laminar attachments between P3 and hoof wall resulting in structural failure of P3-hoof wall interface and debilitating lameness.

35
Q

What are the principles of laminitis treatment?

A

Treat the underlying cause, provide analgesia and hoof support.

36
Q

What would you do for solar penetration of P3?

A

Eggbar shoe and hospital plate. Treat septic pedal osteitis. Antibiotics (local + systemic). Deep digital flexor tenotomy.

37
Q

What pathology is noticeable in this limb?

A

Fetlock joint effusion

38
Q

What local anesthetic techniques would you use to block out the fetlock?

A

Intra-articular fetlock

Low 4 point (front) / Low 6 point (hind)

39
Q

What changes in the sesamoid vascular channels indicate sesamoiditis?

A

More than 2 vascular channels or a vascular channel >2mm.

40
Q

Which is the only joint of the hock in which you will be able to appreciate effusion?

A

The tibiotarsal joint

41
Q

What is the most common location of OCD in the tarsus?

A

DIRT - distal intermedial ridge of the tibia

42
Q

Which splint bone has important weight bearing function?

A

The medial fore splint bone.

43
Q

Which structures have been damaged to cause this appearance?

A

Superficial digital flexor - dropped fetlock

Deep digital flexor - raised toe

Equine Medicine (14 decks)

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