Cardiology Flashcards
Describe the location of the equine pulmonic heart valve?
Left, 3rd intercostal space - just ventral to point of shoulder
Describe the location of the equine aortic heart valve?
Left, 4th intercostal space - just ventral to point of shoulder, slightly cranial to caudal border of the triceps
Describe the location of the equine mitral heart valve?
Left, 5th intercostal space - just dorsal to halfway point between the shoulder and sternum
Point where the apex beat can be palpated
Describe the location of the equine tricuspid heart valve?
Right, 3rd intercostal soace - ventral third of the thorax
What is the number one indicator of volume overload in cardiovascular system?
Jugular vein distension - pulsation in the lower one third of the neck with head in a normal position
Which myocardial enzyme can be tested to indicate myocardial damage?
Serum troponin I
What descriptors are used to describe cardiac murmurs?
- Timing and duration
- Intensity / grading
- Quality / frequency / pitch
- Location (PMI)
- +/- specific pattern of radiation
Name which arrhythmia you associate with saw-tooth P-waves?
Atrial flutter
This ECG shows baseline âfâ waves but no p-waves, irregular R-R interval but normal QRS-T complexes. What is going on?
Atrial fibrillation
What is the sucess rate of CPR performed on horses?
<10%
Are atrial or ventricular arrhythmias more common in horses?
Atrial
What is this arrhythmia called and what is the treatment for it?
Torsades de Pointes
Treatment: IV MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)
Dose: 2 -5 mg/kg/min CRI
(Not to exceed 25 grams total dose)
What is the first choice treatment for ventricular arrhythmias?
Lignocaine hydrochloride (Na+ channel blocker)
What type of arrhythmia is this?
Second degree AV block
