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Engineer > Ladder Company Operations Manual > Flashcards

Ladder Company Operations Manual Flashcards

1
Q

The ladder operations manual outlines operations for truck companies except for

A

special operations incidents such as extrication and high
rise fires

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2
Q

Ladder companies split into two crews on what kind of fires?

A

Ladder Companies at residential and multi-family structure fires split into two crews
designated as Alpha and Bravo

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3
Q

What are some examples of outside truck?

A

May be assigned “Outside” functions such as alternate exits, Vent Enter Isolate Search (VEIS), ground ladder placement, RIT pack placement, utilities, and general building softening.

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4
Q

What are the madatory tools to be brought to the front door by truck companies?

A

RIT pack or spare bottles, search rope

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5
Q

What is important to know when responding as on deck?

A

The assignment shall have a designated location such as a side of a
building and or a division

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6
Q

What are some factors that affect aerial apparatus placement?

A

. Factors that may
affect Ladder Company apparatus positioning are the length of the aerial apparatus at extension and retraction, access for rescue, location and extent of the fire, exposures, wind conditions, requirements for roof operations, and the need for tools and portable equipment. Barriers such as trees, overhead wires, fences, hedges, terraces, and motor
vehicles may also affect placement.

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7
Q

What is the priority of the ladder company?

A

rescue of trapped occupants

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8
Q

Where should the ladder company stage on two unit response fire alarms where the ladder arrives second

A

by the hydrant

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9
Q

What is the first objective at structure fires and should be strongly considered
at each fire when determining risk and rewards

A

protection of human life

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10
Q

What are the minimum pieces of equipment search crews should carry?

A

shall carry hand lights, forcible entry tools, and a thermal imaging camera
(TIC)

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11
Q

What considerations should be made when deciding to search with a hose or rope?

A

Is a hose line currently operating at the seat of the fire?

 Can the team assigned to a hose line protect the search crews’ means of egress?

 Is the layout or size of the area to be searched such that orientation can easily be
maintained by following the wall and/or using the TIC?

 Is it unlikely the fire has not or will not extend to the area you intend to search?

Conducting a search using a hose line or search rope is strongly recommended if
the answer to any of the above questions is no.

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12
Q

The search plan should take into consideration what 3 things?

A

the severity of the fire, the life hazards, and the layout of the building

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13
Q

What are the locations of victim rescue priorities?

A

Fire floor/unit
floor/unit above
Top floor working down

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14
Q

Any victims located may be

A

removed to a safe area within the building or may be taken
outside

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15
Q

What should be used when removing victims whenever possible

A

using interior stairs

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16
Q

How can search crews provide firefighter safety?

A

looking for primary escape routes such as stairs, corridors, lobbies, and other common
areas

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17
Q

What should be done by the IC when an all clear is confirmed?

A

re-evaluate the risk/reward of the current operations since operations have
transitioned and are now focused on saving property.

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18
Q

When should crews be assigned to conduct a secondary search?

A

After a fire is reported as UNDER CONTROL

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19
Q

What is the critical factor for secondary search?

A

Thoroughness, rather than time

The secondary search is a slow and methodical check of the entire
structure to locate all victims that may not have been found in the primary search

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20
Q

What should conditions be like when performing a secondary search?

A

heat and smoke conditions should be light enough to allow crews to walk
rather than crawl

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21
Q

What type of search does not need to be relayed to dispatch

A

secondary

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22
Q

At large occupancies, multiple dwellings, and structures that by size or complexity may
lead to confusion or duplication by searchers, doors shall be marked to indicate search
status. What are the two markings?

A

An “X” indicates a primary search has been completed. “
” – (circle around “X”) Indicates a secondary search has been completed.

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23
Q

What is a tertiary search?

A

A tertiary search is the physical removal of all materials from the building in an effort to
sift through each area. Care shall be taken to assure debris is controlled and all material
is photographed before and after removal. The Incident Commander should consider the
use of Police, CSS personnel, and trained dogs in these types of searches.

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24
Q

When is a tertiary search completed?

A

On occasion, the Incident Commander may receive information of a known victim that has not been located during the primary or secondary searches.

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25
Q

When should TIC-
directed, rope-assisted searches should be considered

A

Any occupancy

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26
Q

When should searchers consider the use of a search rope to minimize duplication and maintain orientation

A

At buildings with large or complex layouts

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27
Q

What is the benefit of using a search rope?

A

to minimize duplication and maintain orientation. This technique is especially
valuable during rapid intervention operations or in situations with a known victim.

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28
Q

The company assigned to search consists at a minimum of _____ members: ______

A

2

a team leader and a partner (such as personnel assigned to a medic unit)

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29
Q

Where should the search rope be tied?

A

The search rope shall be tied to a substantial object remote from the
operation and out of the IDLH environment

30
Q

Who sets the pace and direction of the search

A

the team leader who leads from the front

31
Q

Who is in charge of the rope bag?

A

The rope should be carried and deployed by the last person in the team to allow the leader to move about and recon without managing the rope as well

However, the rope bag can be managed by any member as needed

32
Q

When should the search rope be tied off?

A

anytime the direction of the search is changed when the area cannot be viewed
through the TIC or hazards/obstacles exist that will hamper direct, rapid exit from the
search area to the non-IDLH environment.

33
Q

Who is in charge of air management accountability?

A

Air management and accountability during team search is maintained by the team leader or officer in charge of the search and relayed to the Division Supervisor or Incident Commander.

34
Q

Once the first member of the search team reaches amber, which is defined as _________, the officer in charge or team leader will notify the Division
Supervisor or Incident Command of the need to recycle

A

(50% or 2750 psi
approximately half-cylinder)

35
Q

Recycling is defined as?

A

as a timely
and efficient means of air replacement and re-hydration of companies while maintaining
their Division/Group assignment

36
Q

Crews and Supervisors will proactively plan and request relief teams as needed so that egress from the IDLH area occurs ______

A

prior to activation of the low air alarm

37
Q

What has narrowed our opportunity to ventilate today’s fires?

A

Changes in fire loading, building geometry, and construction techniques

38
Q

no positive pressure ventilation should take
place until ______

A

the location and extent of the fire is known and controlled

39
Q

What are the considerations when using PPV attack?

A

PPA must be started before firefighters enter the structure. Pressurization should
never be initiated after fire personnel are inside a structure where an active fire is
present. Fire personnel should withdraw before the fan is started if found in this
situation.

 Proper PPA includes a designated exhaust opening.

 The area near an exhaust opening can be hazardous. A fan should not be started
when a victim is awaiting rescue at a potential exhaust opening. Do not use a
potential exhaust opening as an entrance, such as during VEIS operations.

 Do not use a blower where backdraft conditions may be present or in the presence of combustible dust or flammable vapors.

 Do not enter any entrance where fire or heavy smoke is exhausting above the
blower at the ventilation point.

 Be aware of the potential for early collapse of lightweight construction members in
the immediate area of the fire due to increases in fire temperature caused by the
blower.

40
Q

When should vertical vent be considered?

A

anytime crews are faced with
a fire that is actively burning inside an attic or cockloft. Roof openings should be as large as possible to provide adequate ventilation

41
Q

When should roof ladders be considered

A

for operations on any roof where extreme slopes or surface conditions present safety concerns. The first personnel reaching the roof must quickly evaluate conditions to
assure the roof is structurally sound before attempting to work on it

42
Q

What must be considered before committing personnel above
the fire

A

The degree and extent of any signs of weakness

43
Q

An initial roof report to Command should be made as soon as possible upon reaching the roof and should include:

A

 Type of roof (peaked, flat, etc.)
 Location (firewalls, loads, or visible fire)
 Conditions (fire, smoke, stability)
 Actions
 Needs

44
Q

What are the objectives of crews working on the roof?

A
  1. Determining the structural stability of the roof and consider the safety of the interior
    crews as well as the roof team.
    a. Wind direction and effect
    b. Identify primary and secondary egress routes
  2. Open existing openings such as skylights, hatches, and bulkheads.
    6
  3. Determining the need for cutting the roof.
  4. Coordination of roof operations with the crews working on the interior.
  5. Creating adequately sized ventilation hole(s) and achieve effective ventilation.
    a. Work toward egress when making openings
  6. Maintaining rooftop monitoring of the structural integrity of the roof and fire
    conditions.
  7. Once the officer believes that the fire has been effectively vented, the crew should
    withdraw from the roof if there are no other objectives assigned by Command.
  8. A follow-up report to the IC should be made after vertical ventilation has been
    completed and should include:
    a. The effect of the ventilation (amount of smoke, fire, heat coming from the
    vent hole)
    b. Conditions in the attic
    c. The stability of the roof
    d. Any additional actions needed
45
Q

Why is forceable entry performed?

A

to provide firefighters access to the interior of the fire building for
rescue or fire control activities.

46
Q

What is one of the best ways
to gain access to the inside of a locked building and should be considered whenever possible.

A

Through-the-lock forcible entry

47
Q

Regardless of type of forcible entry, every effort should be made to

A

control the opening

48
Q

What should happen anytime forcible entry is used without the occupant present?

A

Law enforcement should be notified

49
Q

What activities does salvage include?

A

activities required to stop direct and indirect fire damage, in addition to those required to minimize the effects of firefighting operations

50
Q

What are the two salvage objectives?

A

Stop or reduce the source of damage
Protect or remove contents

51
Q

Salvage operations most often involve

A

smoke removal and covering building contents with salvage covers or plastic.

52
Q

During salvage when removal is not practical, contents
should be

A

grouped in the center of rooms, elevated from the floor, and covered to provide
maximum practical protection.

53
Q

Where should salvage operations begin?

A

in areas most severely threatened by damage. In most
cases, this will be areas directly next to or below the fire area. Additional salvage activities
should expand outward until all areas of potential loss are secured

54
Q

What should be the primary considerations when performing salvage
operations?

A

Replacement price and value

55
Q

What should be done prior to returning to the scene to pick up salvage covers?

A

Command or the Company Officer should schedule a return walk-through by the
fire department to ensure post-incident damage is not occurring.

56
Q

Every effort should be made to assist the property owner/responsible party in contacting who?

A

their insurance carrier, private contractors (specializing in fire salvage), and in answering
questions concerning salvage and fire operations.

57
Q

Who is responsible for controlling utilities and providing light at fire scenes?

A

ladder companies

58
Q

What is the minimum PPE for personnel on working on aerial ladders?

A

Helmet - with chin strap in place
 Ladder Belt/Tether
 Gloves

59
Q

When should a tether be considered?

A

Any time a firefighter must work from an aerial ladder on a roof or in a compromised position

60
Q

How many rungs of a ladder should be showing for roof operations?

A

at least five ladder rungs should show
above the roofline to help firefighters locate the ladder in smoke and darkness

61
Q

What can be done if ladder position or length does not allow for five rungs?

A

a hand light may be placed at the tip of the ladder

62
Q

Secondary escape routes shall be identified when operating on roofs and may include

A

other ladders, adjoining roofs of other occupancies, or a secured lifeline.

63
Q

All ladders shall remain at least _____ feet from any energized electrical wires.

A

10

64
Q

What are hazardous conditions for ladders

A

strong winds
 uneven terrain
 icy or soft ground
 the necessity to use a lower than desirable angle
 operating hose lines from the ladder.

Ladders used under these conditions should be secured at the base and at the tip with
rope or webbing whenever the situation allows.

65
Q

Saw operations require a minimum crew of ______. A communication method of
tapping the shoulder etc., should be established before operation commences.

A

2

66
Q

Care should be taken to see that abrasive saw blades do not become
contaminated with _______

A

petroleum products.

67
Q

In certain instances, the fireground has obstacles that prohibit or slow down operations. These obstacles need to be mitigated or “softened”. Some examples are

A

Some items of concern include removing window bars, basement
grates, opening fences, moving patio furniture, and other items around the structure

68
Q

Apparatus
placement when using exterior streams shall consider______, and no personnel should be allowed within the _______. Additionally, the aerial device itself shall remain outside of the _________.

A

collapse zones

69
Q

How many members are allowed in the bucket when the aerial waterway is charged with water or flowing water?

A

2

70
Q

What kind of tip should be in place on aerial master streams?

A

smooth bore

Use the tip required for the operation. More often than not, this is not
the largest tip in the stack.

71
Q

Which nozzle is recommended to stay open and which one is recommended to stay closed on the aerial waterway each day?

A

It is recommended that the fog stream be in the open position and the smooth be in the
closed position each day. This provides the opportunity to conduct unmanned aerial
waterway operations without having to access the bucket.

72
Q
A

Engineer (31 decks)

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