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nutrition 322 > lactation ch6 > Flashcards

lactation ch6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is prolactin

A

necessary for milk secreation to occur- anterioe pituitary gland

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2
Q

lactogenesis

A

milk production/initiation- prolactin

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3
Q

galactopoiesis

A

milk secreation- prolactin

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4
Q

milk ejection

A

release reflex from breasts- oxytocin

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5
Q

alveoli

A

15-20 lobes are found in the alveoli, it syntheses and secreates milk

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6
Q

where does the milk go after the alveoli

A

down the ductules to the lactiferous ducts (1 per loab= 15-20 in all)
then goes to the lactiferous sinus and stored as foremilk

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7
Q

foremilk

A

nostly water and sugar- 30-90 seconds (2-3% fat)

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8
Q

hindmilk

A

ongoing- 3-7% fat

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9
Q

colostrum

A

day 1-3 : high in beta carotene(2x as high as mature milk), protein,minerals,antibodies, wbc, low in cho and fat. have macrophages, t and b lymphocytes, neutrophils (also present in mature milk

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10
Q

transitional milk

A

day 3-6

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11
Q

mature milk

A

day 10 : high in fat, lactose, low in protein, low in minerals

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12
Q

oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary gland, let down response uterus shrinks down

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13
Q

cholestrol in bm compared to formula

A

36ml/cup compared to no

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14
Q

carb in bm compared to form

A

38-42% vs 42% in form

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15
Q

fat in bm vs form

A

55% vs 48-50%

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16
Q

protein in bm vs farm

A

20% as cassein and 80% a whey- is a soft curd

form: 40% cassein 60% whey (too much cassein like in milk 80% can damage intestine - blood loss)

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17
Q

what are some of the componds of milk

A

whey protein- stays soluble (cassein does not) whey protein contain milk and serum protein , enzymes (aid in digestion and protection against bacteria) and immunoglobulin. also has hormone, vit and min components of whey- lactoferin

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18
Q

how much kcals do lactating women need

A

750ml of milk takes 550kcal with an80-90% efficiency= 630kcals
200 from fat stores, 430 from food

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19
Q

why is vit k shot important

A

for prothrombing activation - infants have a sterile tract

give shot to prevent intra-cranial hemarrhagin

20
Q

iron

A

50% of the fe is absorbed 0.01mg/oz

21
Q

benefits to the mother to breast feed

A

oxytocin, birthcontrol, bonding, lose weightn, devreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer

22
Q

nutritional benefit to baby

A

optimal nutrition, isosmotic, low protein as to not overload the kidney with nitrogen, whey is soft, esssential fats like cholesterol lcfa like DHA , minerals are protein bound so better availability, immunoglobulin, bifidus factor, lactobacillus, growth factors and hormones (insulin), reduces the risk of sudden infant death mortality , reduces illness (ear infection, GIT, RESPIRATORY), DESEASES LATER IN LIFE LIKE CELIAC DESEASE, ibd, DIABETES, LEUKIMIA, ATHMA, ECZEMA,, healthy weight , higher IQ, cost

23
Q

what is the primary 90% immunoglobulin

A

secretory immunoglobulin a- (sIgA)

24
Q

what affects the amount of milk a baby will need

A

infant weight, caloric density of the milk, and age

25
Q

what affects how much milk is produced

A

infant demand, and pumpimg

26
Q

breast reduction surgery

A

92% have trouble with bf, breast augmentation also have trouble making enough due to compression of the ducts

27
Q

why should you use multiple position to feed the baby

A

improper can cause pain , damage to nipple and breast tissue

28
Q

rooting reflex

A

turning to the side when stimulated on the side of the upper or lower lip

29
Q

what does a baby do when its hungry

A

bring hands to their mouths and and suck on them and move head side to side b(rooting)- late sign is crying

30
Q

how many feedings per day

A

8-12 every 1 1/2 hours the stomach empties

31
Q

what is the normal weightloss of infant

A

7% in first 5 days malnoursihed babies are sleepy, weak cry, few wet diapers. healthy has 6 diapers a day 3-4 soft yellowish poos a day- pale yellow urine

32
Q

what is benefit on dental carries and breast milk

A

bm has infection-fighting components that inhibit (not always) and can have straighter teeth and less cases of sleep apnea

33
Q

which vit and mins should be supplemented

A

fe: AI: 0.3mg vit k shot at birth , 400iu of vit d and 600iu after a year

34
Q

colic

A

a healthy baby crying for more than 3 hours a day- believed that it is the due to the mothers diet- cows milk, onions cabbage brocoli and chocolate increases this
symptoms were decreases after avoidance, peanuts, milk, eggs,wheat, soy, fish
probiotic supplements in bm decreases it

35
Q

what are the barriers to breastfeeding

A

lack of knowledge, social norma, poor family and social support, lactation problems, embarrasement, employment and child care, barriers related to health services

36
Q

when was breastfeeding at its lowest

A

1950 and 1960- 30% rose dramatically in 1970s

37
Q

what are supportive hospital practices

A

birth facilities policies that create a supportive enviro for breastfeeding begins prenataly and continue through discharge and includes: skin to skin contact (right away after birth place the mother with the baby with no bedding or clothing btw them.
teach about breastfeeding (feeding cues)
early and frequent breastfeeding (help them start breastfeeding as soon as possible - pacifiers are only for surgeries)
rooming in: encourage them to room together and teach them the benefits (better quality and quantity of sleep and more oppertunities in bf
active follow-up after discharge (staff schedule inperson breastfeeding follow-up visits to check-up on breastfeeding)

38
Q

who influences bf

A

fathers, grandparents, mothers, sisters, friends, doulas, social network, peer groups (good)

39
Q

what are the 10 steps in successfull bf!!!!!!!!!!!!

A

1have written bf policy that is routinely communicated to all health care staff
2: train all the staff in the skills necessary to implement the policy
3/: imform all pregos about the benefits and management of bf
4: help initiate bf within 1/.2 hour of birth
5: show moms how to bf and how to maintain if they are seperated
6: dont give any food or water to a baby
7: practice rooming in
8: encourage bf on demand
9: dont give artificail nipple or facifiers
10: refer mothers to support groups

40
Q

what is world health organisation’s internation /UNICEF code on the marketing of BM substitutes

A

no advertising of substitutes
no free sample/supplies
no promotion of products through health care facilities
no company sales representatives to advise mothers
no gifts or personal samples to health workers
no gifts or pictures idealising formula feeding, including picture of infants on the labels of the infant milk containers
information to health workers should be scientific and factual
all info on artificial feeding including labels should explain the benefits of bf and the cost and hazards associated with the formula feeding
unsuitable products should not be promoted for babies
manufacturers and distributers should comply with the code of provision even if countries have not adopted laws or other measure

41
Q

the workplace

A

lack ofon site daycare, not enough maternity leave, rigid workschedules, rigid work scedule, employer who lack the knowledge- federal states anywhere on federal property they can bf, women at work who continue to breastfeed miss less work due to less hospital visits and sick days

42
Q

important elements of worksite lactation support programs

A

prenatal lactation education tailored for working women
corporate policies providing info for all employees on the benefits of bf and on why their bf coworkers need their support
education for personelle about the services available to support to support bf women
adequate breaks, flexible work hours, job sharring, and part time work
private mothers room for expressing milk in a secure and relaxing enviro
access to hospital grade autocycling breastpump at the work place
small refrigerator for the safe storage of bm
subsidising or purchase of individually owned portable breast pumps for employees
access to lactation professional on-site or by phone to give breastfeeding education, counselling, and support during pregnancy after delivery and when returning to work
coordination with on cite or near site child care programs so the infant can be breastfed during the day
support group for working mothers with children

43
Q

when can a bottlke be introduces

A

4 weeks- 2 feeding a day continue the breat to make milk

44
Q

in the community increase

A

get the support from community leaderships and to establish a multidisciplinary breastfeeding task force with representatives from teh hospitals, doctors, birthing centers, home visitors…

45
Q

barriere to bf in community

A

lack of acess to reliable and culturally apropriate sources of information and social support, cultural perception on bottle feeding as the norm, aggresive marketing of formula and laws that prohibit bf in public

46
Q

WIC national bf promotion project identifie wha t 3 messages to increase bf

A

1: helping women feel comfortable
2: tips on how bf at can work arounbd a busy schedule
3: the involvement of family and friends to make bf a success

nutrition 322 (11 decks)

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