chapter 3 Flashcards
pku
an inherited disorder that increases the levels of a substance called phenylalanine in the blood. Phenylalanine is a building block of proteins (an amino acid) that is obtained through the diet. It is found in all proteins and in some artificial sweeteners. If PKU is not treated, phenylalanine can build up to harmful levels in the body, causing intellectual disability and other serious health problems.
the female athelte triad
amenorrhea, eating disorder, osteoporosis
a mother with high blood glucose levels does what to her and her baby during th4e first 2 months of prego
it is teratogenic (an exposure that produces malformation) times it by 2-3 of getting congenital abnormalities in new borns- malformation of pelvis, ,CNS, heart. also increases the risk of miscarridges
does caffeine affect fertility
evidence is inconclusive
how does alcohol affect fertility
1-5 drinks was realted to a 39% decrees in conception, 10 drinks -66%lower conceptoin. only affect women with the gene variant that reduces the rate at which alcohol is broken down
how does heavy-metal exposure effect pregnancy
affects male by lowering sperm count and motility, decreesed testosterone
what should pregos with diabetes focus on
reduce intake of artificial sweetners, focus on low glycemic index foods and high fiber foods, bright vegs, and fruits, low fat dairy, whole grains, poultry seeds and nuts
what is a way to prevent gestational diabetes
weightloss prior to prego, more fiber, healthy diet, excercise
what is PCOS
POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME, half of cases are due to overweight or obese individuals- lack of ovulatoin due to thick and hard outerlayer of the ovaries
what is the leading cause of infertility
PCOS- 5-10%
what are sings that someone would have PCOS
excess body hair, high blood levels of insulin triglycerides and androgens and low HDL
what is the cause of PCOS
not sure but though is high insulin levels
what is the cause of PKU
high levels of phenylalanine in blood due to lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase- cant convert it to tyrosine- high levels impaire nerve function
what does PKU in a mom do to a fetus
accumulates in embryo and impair normal CNS development, in the first 8 weeks it increases the risk of heart defects- 92% will have metal retardation. 73% will ahve microcephaly
what can be done to babies diagnosed with PKU
MIX PHENYLALANINE with breast milk to control how much they get
