Labs I and II Flashcards

1
Q

pectoralis major origin, insertion, action

A

origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6
insertion: intertubercular groove of the humerus, anterior, lateral aspect
action: AD, flexion, medial rotation of the arm, at glenohumeral joint

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2
Q

blood supply and innervation of pectoralis major

A

blood supply: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery (2nd part of axillary a)
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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3
Q

Deltoid origin, insertion, action

A

origin: lateral 1/2 of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: all except ab/ad 0-15 degrees

looks like a triangle

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4
Q

deltoid innervation and blood supply

A

innervation: axillary

blood supply: deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery

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5
Q

coracobrachialis (O,I,A)

A

O: coracoid process
I: medial side of humerus shaft
A: flexion, AD of arm

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6
Q

Coracobrachialis (N &B)

A

N: musculocutaneous, pieces thradial rough
B: brachial artery

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7
Q

Subscapularis (OIA)

A

O: subscapular fossa crosses glenohumeral joint
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medial rotation, AD, secure humerus head in socket

*rotator cuff muscle

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8
Q

Subscapularis (NB)

A

N: upper and lower subscapular
B: subscapular, suprascapular, and circumflex scapular arteries

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9
Q

Pectoralis Minor (OIA)

A

O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of the scapula
A: medial rotation, protraction, scapular stabilization on scapular

anterior, landmark for 2nd part of axillary artery, deeper than pec major

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10
Q

Pectoralis Minor (NB)

A

N: medial pectoral *Medial does More
B: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery

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11
Q

Serratus Anterior (OIA)

A

O: lateral surface of ribs 1-8
I: anterior medial border of scapula
A: stabilizes scapula, protraction, lat rotation for AB beyond 90 degrees
*looks a little saw-like

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12
Q

Serratus Anterior (NB)

A

N: long thoracic (C5,C6,C7 raise your arms to heaven)
B: lateral thoracic artery, the superior thoracic artery, and the thoracodorsal artery

  • damage to nerves would result in scapular winging
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13
Q

Teres Major (OIA)

A

O: inferior angle of scapula (bottom of scapula)
I: interubercular groove of humerus (medial lip)
A: medial rotation, AD of arm

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14
Q

Teres Major (NB)

A

N: lower subscapular
B: scapular and circumflex arteries (3rd part axillary a)

*posterior, round or smooth shoulder muscle

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15
Q

Teres Minor (OIA)

A

O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation of arm, AD, secure head of humerus

*more superior than major, under infraspinatus

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16
Q

Teres Major (NB)

A

N: axillary nerve
B: Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries

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17
Q

Supraspinatus (OIA)

A

O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: AB 0-90 degrees, ESSENTIAL for 0-15, secure humerus head

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18
Q

Supraspinatus (NB)

A

N: suprascapular nerve
B: Suprascapular artery

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19
Q

Infraspinatus (OIA)

A

O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation of arm and AD of arm

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20
Q

Infraspinatus (NB)

A

N: suprascapular nerve
B: suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries

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21
Q

Latissimus Dorsi (OIA)

A

O: Thoracic/lumar/sacral verterbrae, iliac crest, inferior ribs
I: intertubercular groove (anterior)
A: AD, medial rotation of arm, extension

22
Q

Latissumus Dorsi (NB)

A

N: thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) *Thor has nice lats
B: thoracodorsal artery

23
Q

Rhomboid Minor (OIA)

A

O: C7-T1 vertebrae
I: medial border of scapula at the base of scapular spine
A: retraction, medial rotation

24
Q

Rhomboid Minor (NB)

A

N: dorsal scapular
B: dorsal scapular artery

25
Q

levator scapular (OIA)

A

O: lateral C1-C4 vertebrae
I: medial border of scapular ABOVE scapular spine
A: elevation, medial rotation on scapula

posterior, works with trapezius for actions

26
Q

Latavor Scapular (NB)

A

N: dorsal scapular
B: dorsal scapular artery

27
Q

Rhomboid Major (OIA)

A

O: T2-T5 vertebrae
I: medial border of scapula below scapular spine
A; retraction, medial rotation of the scapula

posterior, more inferior

28
Q

Rhomboid Major (NB)

A

N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
B: dorsal scapular artery

29
Q

foramen magnum

A

hole where spinal cord begins at the base of skull

30
Q

Where is the spinal cord?

A

from brainstem to upper 2/3 of the vertebral canal

31
Q

Dorsal root vs ventral root

A

Dorsal- posterior, sensory, afferent, contains dorsal root ganglion

Ventral: anterior, motor, efferent

SAME DAVE

32
Q

Dorsal vs ventral ramus

A

Dorsal: smaller, Sensory and motor to the back
Ventral: larger, sensory and motor to all other body parts (anterior and lateral)

33
Q

White vs gray matter

A

White matter: axons

gray matter: cell bodies

34
Q

notable dermatomes

A
thumb: C6
index and middle finger: C7
ring and little finger: C8 
upper limb: C5-T12
nipple: T4
Umbilicus: T10
35
Q

myotome

A

group of muscles innervated by a single nerve

36
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

on top of the dura mater

37
Q

what is the order of the meninges and their spaces?

A
  1. epidural space
  2. dura mater
  3. subdural space (potential)
  4. arachnoid mater (looks like a spider web)
  5. subarachnoid space (contains csf)
  6. pia mater (ends at conus medullaris, continues in filum terminale)
38
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

tapering end of the spinal cord, pointy btwn L1 and L2

39
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

ending nerve roots in vertebral canal, in subarachnoid space, lots of csf, in lumbar cistern

40
Q

lumbar puncture

A

take csf from subarachnoid space btwn L3 and L4 or L4 and L5 use iliac crest as landmark

41
Q

Filum terminale

A

extension of pia mater, comes of spinal cord and attaches to the sacrum at S1/S2

42
Q

Coccygeal ligament

A

extension of the dura mater that travels out of the sacral hiatus

43
Q

herniated disk

A

disc bulges and compresses spinal nerve, near intervertebral foramen

44
Q

shoulder dislocation

A

separation of the glenohumeral joint, usually anterior and inferior, can cause damage to axillary artery and nerve

45
Q

Shoulder separation

A

separation at the acromioclavicular joint, severity depends on ligament

46
Q

Acute anterior poliomyelitus

A

virus in the ventral horn of spinal cord, affects motor neurons bc motor info not sent, causes paralysis and severe muscle atrophy

47
Q

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

A

Same virus as chickenpox, virus in DRG, reemerging of the virus in peripheral sensory nerves, dorsal root-> affects sensory neurons-> no motor deficits but loss of sensation

48
Q

Scapular winging

A

caused by damage to the long thoracic nerve or to the serratus anterior

49
Q

triangle of auscultation

A

formed by lateral and superior bordder of latissimus dorsi and medial border of the scapula, listen to lung sounds here

50
Q

Lateral rotation of the scapula

A

inferior angle of scapula moves laterally, glenoid cavity tilts up using serratus anterior and trapezius

51
Q

medial rotation of the scapula

A

inferior angle of the scapula moves mediallyy, glenoid cavity tilts down using rhomboid major/minor, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae, trapezius

52
Q

inflammation of rotator cuff muscles

A

involves supraspinatus tendon and overlying subdeltoid bursa
-bc narrow space btwn humerus and acromion