Labs I and II Flashcards by Kayla Nicholson

pectoralis major origin, insertion, action

origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6
insertion: intertubercular groove of the humerus, anterior, lateral aspect
action: AD, flexion, medial rotation of the arm, at glenohumeral joint

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blood supply and innervation of pectoralis major

blood supply: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery (2nd part of axillary a)
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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Deltoid origin, insertion, action

origin: lateral 1/2 of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: all except ab/ad 0-15 degrees

looks like a triangle

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deltoid innervation and blood supply

innervation: axillary

blood supply: deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery

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coracobrachialis (O,I,A)

O: coracoid process
I: medial side of humerus shaft
A: flexion, AD of arm

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Coracobrachialis (N &B)

N: musculocutaneous, pieces thradial rough
B: brachial artery

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Subscapularis (OIA)

O: subscapular fossa crosses glenohumeral joint
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medial rotation, AD, secure humerus head in socket

*rotator cuff muscle

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Subscapularis (NB)

N: upper and lower subscapular
B: subscapular, suprascapular, and circumflex scapular arteries

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Pectoralis Minor (OIA)

O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of the scapula
A: medial rotation, protraction, scapular stabilization on scapular

anterior, landmark for 2nd part of axillary artery, deeper than pec major

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Pectoralis Minor (NB)

N: medial pectoral *Medial does More
B: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery

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Serratus Anterior (OIA)

O: lateral surface of ribs 1-8
I: anterior medial border of scapula
A: stabilizes scapula, protraction, lat rotation for AB beyond 90 degrees
*looks a little saw-like

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Serratus Anterior (NB)

N: long thoracic (C5,C6,C7 raise your arms to heaven)
B: lateral thoracic artery, the superior thoracic artery, and the thoracodorsal artery

damage to nerves would result in scapular winging

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Teres Major (OIA)

O: inferior angle of scapula (bottom of scapula)
I: interubercular groove of humerus (medial lip)
A: medial rotation, AD of arm

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Teres Major (NB)

N: lower subscapular
B: scapular and circumflex arteries (3rd part axillary a)

*posterior, round or smooth shoulder muscle

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Teres Minor (OIA)

O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation of arm, AD, secure head of humerus

*more superior than major, under infraspinatus

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Teres Major (NB)

N: axillary nerve
B: Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries

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Supraspinatus (OIA)

O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: AB 0-90 degrees, ESSENTIAL for 0-15, secure humerus head

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Supraspinatus (NB)

N: suprascapular nerve
B: Suprascapular artery

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Infraspinatus (OIA)

O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation of arm and AD of arm

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Infraspinatus (NB)

N: suprascapular nerve
B: suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries

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Latissimus Dorsi (OIA)

O: Thoracic/lumar/sacral verterbrae, iliac crest, inferior ribs
I: intertubercular groove (anterior)
A: AD, medial rotation of arm, extension

Latissumus Dorsi (NB)

N: thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) *Thor has nice lats
B: thoracodorsal artery

Rhomboid Minor (OIA)

O: C7-T1 vertebrae
I: medial border of scapula at the base of scapular spine
A: retraction, medial rotation

Rhomboid Minor (NB)

N: dorsal scapular
B: dorsal scapular artery

levator scapular (OIA)

O: lateral C1-C4 vertebrae I: medial border of scapular ABOVE scapular spine A: elevation, medial rotation on scapula posterior, works with trapezius for actions

Latavor Scapular (NB)

N: dorsal scapular B: dorsal scapular artery

Rhomboid Major (OIA)

O: T2-T5 vertebrae I: medial border of scapula below scapular spine A; retraction, medial rotation of the scapula posterior, more inferior

Rhomboid Major (NB)

N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5) B: dorsal scapular artery

foramen magnum

hole where spinal cord begins at the base of skull

Where is the spinal cord?

from brainstem to upper 2/3 of the vertebral canal

Dorsal root vs ventral root

Dorsal- posterior, sensory, afferent, contains dorsal root ganglion Ventral: anterior, motor, efferent SAME DAVE

Dorsal vs ventral ramus

Dorsal: smaller, Sensory and motor to the back Ventral: larger, sensory and motor to all other body parts (anterior and lateral)

White vs gray matter

White matter: axons | gray matter: cell bodies

notable dermatomes

``` thumb: C6 index and middle finger: C7 ring and little finger: C8 upper limb: C5-T12 nipple: T4 Umbilicus: T10 ```

myotome

group of muscles innervated by a single nerve

What is the epidural space?

on top of the dura mater

what is the order of the meninges and their spaces?

1. epidural space 2. dura mater 3. subdural space (potential) 4. arachnoid mater (looks like a spider web) 5. subarachnoid space (contains csf) 6. pia mater (ends at conus medullaris, continues in filum terminale)

What is the conus medullaris?

tapering end of the spinal cord, pointy btwn L1 and L2

What is the cauda equina?

ending nerve roots in vertebral canal, in subarachnoid space, lots of csf, in lumbar cistern

lumbar puncture

take csf from subarachnoid space btwn L3 and L4 or L4 and L5 use iliac crest as landmark

Filum terminale

extension of pia mater, comes of spinal cord and attaches to the sacrum at S1/S2

Coccygeal ligament

extension of the dura mater that travels out of the sacral hiatus

herniated disk

disc bulges and compresses spinal nerve, near intervertebral foramen

shoulder dislocation

separation of the glenohumeral joint, usually anterior and inferior, can cause damage to axillary artery and nerve

Shoulder separation

separation at the acromioclavicular joint, severity depends on ligament

Acute anterior poliomyelitus

virus in the ventral horn of spinal cord, affects motor neurons bc motor info not sent, causes paralysis and severe muscle atrophy

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Same virus as chickenpox, virus in DRG, reemerging of the virus in peripheral sensory nerves, dorsal root-> affects sensory neurons-> no motor deficits but loss of sensation

Scapular winging

caused by damage to the long thoracic nerve or to the serratus anterior

triangle of auscultation

formed by lateral and superior bordder of latissimus dorsi and medial border of the scapula, listen to lung sounds here

Lateral rotation of the scapula

inferior angle of scapula moves laterally, glenoid cavity tilts up using serratus anterior and trapezius

medial rotation of the scapula

inferior angle of the scapula moves mediallyy, glenoid cavity tilts down using rhomboid major/minor, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae, trapezius

inflammation of rotator cuff muscles

involves supraspinatus tendon and overlying subdeltoid bursa -bc narrow space btwn humerus and acromion