Lab X Flashcards
puborectalis muscle
levator ani muscle/anterior pelvic diaphragm
O: pubic bone
I: midline sling posterior to the rectum
A: pulls on rectum and anal canal to hold in feces, voluntary external anal sphincter
N: inferior rectal nerve (branch of pudendal)
B: Inferior gluteal, inferior vesical and pudendal arteries
creates sling around rectum (puborectal sling) to facilitate pooping
pubococcygeus muscle
levator ani muscle/anterior pelvic diaphragm
O: back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia
I: coccyx
A: keeps everything in place
N: pudendal nerve
B: Inferior gluteal, inferior vesical and pudendal arteries
iliococcygeus muscle
levator ani muscle/anterior pelvic diaphragm
O: ischial tuberosity (deep to tendonous arch)
I: coccyx
A: keep everything in
N: pudendal nerve
B: Inferior gluteal, inferior vesical and pudendal arteries
What muscles make up the levator ani?
puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus
coccygeus muscles
posterior pelvic diaphragm
O: ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
I: coccyx
structures that go through the pelvic diaphragm
Male: urethra, rectum
Female: urethra, vagina, rectum
supported by pelvic diaphragm
- male: prostate gland
- female: vagina
ureteric orifices
the openings of the ureters into the bladder
- mark two lateral angles of trigone
- enters bladder at an oblique angle
- pressure pinches closed to prevent backflow into ureters
trigone
- triangle area of bladder that stays smooth when the rest is contracted
- stretch receptors to signal to brain that bladder is full
- lateral angles- ureteric orifices
- inferior angle- beginning of urethra (internal urethral meatus)
internal urethral meatus
the beginning of the urethra
external urethral meatus
F: located within the vestibule of the vagina, anterior to vaginal opening, posterior to clitoris
M: in the glans penis
Urethra in Males vs Females
F: short (2-4 cm)
M: long, 3 parts
1. prostatic urethra-urethra thru prostate gland
2. membranous urethra- after prostate urethra and before spongy urethra
3. Spongy (penile) urethra- longer part
external urethral sphincter
F: urogenital diaphragm, proximal to external urethral orifice
M: distal to ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra
voluntary sphincter made of skeletal muscles, helps control urination
internal urethral sphincter
female: does not exist anatomically, fx neck of bladder
male: inferior to neck of bladder, before prostatic urethra
- involuntary
- prevents backflow of semen and seminal fluid
- compressed until go to pee
internal iliac vessels
L5-S1
branches into
- umbilical
- superior vesival arteries
- obturator a
- internal pudendal a
- middle rectal a
umbilical artery
supplies blood to bladder (proximal part)
-distal part becomes medial umbilical ligament (fetal remnant)
superior vesical arteries
- several
- branches of the umbilical artery
obturator artery
- goes to adductors
- travels w obturator nerve and vein through obturator foramen
internal pudendal artery
-exits pelvis thru greater sciatic foramen travels around sacrospinous ligament, and passes through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter perineum
middle rectal artery
- may arise from the internal pudendal artery
- blood to rectum
- middle and more anterior than internal pudendal
sacral plexus nerve roots
L4-S4
lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5) and the ventral primary rami of S1-S4
lumbrosacral trunk roots
L4-L5
Sciatic Nerve
- nerve roots converge at sciatic foramen
- L4-S3
Pudendal Nerve
- S2-S4
- S2, S3, S4 keeps your penis and poop off the floor
- runs with the internal pudendal A
- innervates pelvic diaphragm
- lots of teeny tiny endings in the external genitalia (penis and clitoris) after exiting pudendal canal
layers of the uterus
- perimetrium- peritoneum and pelvic visceral fascia
- myometrium- smooth muscle
- endometrium- mucous coat (inner most later that comes off during menstration)
