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CHA 101 > Lab X > Flashcards

Lab X Flashcards

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1
Q

puborectalis muscle

A

levator ani muscle/anterior pelvic diaphragm

O: pubic bone
I: midline sling posterior to the rectum
A: pulls on rectum and anal canal to hold in feces, voluntary external anal sphincter
N: inferior rectal nerve (branch of pudendal)
B: Inferior gluteal, inferior vesical and pudendal arteries
creates sling around rectum (puborectal sling) to facilitate pooping

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2
Q

pubococcygeus muscle

A

levator ani muscle/anterior pelvic diaphragm

O: back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia
I: coccyx
A: keeps everything in place
N: pudendal nerve
B: Inferior gluteal, inferior vesical and pudendal arteries

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3
Q

iliococcygeus muscle

A

levator ani muscle/anterior pelvic diaphragm

O: ischial tuberosity (deep to tendonous arch)
I: coccyx
A: keep everything in
N: pudendal nerve
B: Inferior gluteal, inferior vesical and pudendal arteries

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4
Q

What muscles make up the levator ani?

A

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus

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5
Q

coccygeus muscles

A

posterior pelvic diaphragm

O: ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
I: coccyx

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6
Q

structures that go through the pelvic diaphragm

A

Male: urethra, rectum
Female: urethra, vagina, rectum

supported by pelvic diaphragm

  • male: prostate gland
  • female: vagina
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7
Q

ureteric orifices

A

the openings of the ureters into the bladder

  • mark two lateral angles of trigone
  • enters bladder at an oblique angle
  • pressure pinches closed to prevent backflow into ureters
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8
Q

trigone

A
  • triangle area of bladder that stays smooth when the rest is contracted
  • stretch receptors to signal to brain that bladder is full
  • lateral angles- ureteric orifices
  • inferior angle- beginning of urethra (internal urethral meatus)
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9
Q

internal urethral meatus

A

the beginning of the urethra

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10
Q

external urethral meatus

A

F: located within the vestibule of the vagina, anterior to vaginal opening, posterior to clitoris

M: in the glans penis

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11
Q

Urethra in Males vs Females

A

F: short (2-4 cm)
M: long, 3 parts
1. prostatic urethra-urethra thru prostate gland
2. membranous urethra- after prostate urethra and before spongy urethra
3. Spongy (penile) urethra- longer part

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12
Q

external urethral sphincter

A

F: urogenital diaphragm, proximal to external urethral orifice
M: distal to ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra

voluntary sphincter made of skeletal muscles, helps control urination

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13
Q

internal urethral sphincter

A

female: does not exist anatomically, fx neck of bladder
male: inferior to neck of bladder, before prostatic urethra
- involuntary
- prevents backflow of semen and seminal fluid
- compressed until go to pee

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14
Q

internal iliac vessels

A

L5-S1

branches into

  • umbilical
  • superior vesival arteries
  • obturator a
  • internal pudendal a
  • middle rectal a
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15
Q

umbilical artery

A

supplies blood to bladder (proximal part)

-distal part becomes medial umbilical ligament (fetal remnant)

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16
Q

superior vesical arteries

A
  • several

- branches of the umbilical artery

17
Q

obturator artery

A
  • goes to adductors

- travels w obturator nerve and vein through obturator foramen

18
Q

internal pudendal artery

A

-exits pelvis thru greater sciatic foramen travels around sacrospinous ligament, and passes through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter perineum

19
Q

middle rectal artery

A
  • may arise from the internal pudendal artery
  • blood to rectum
  • middle and more anterior than internal pudendal
20
Q

sacral plexus nerve roots

A

L4-S4

lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5) and the ventral primary rami of S1-S4

21
Q

lumbrosacral trunk roots

A

L4-L5

22
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A
  • nerve roots converge at sciatic foramen

- L4-S3

23
Q

Pudendal Nerve

A
  • S2-S4
  • S2, S3, S4 keeps your penis and poop off the floor
  • runs with the internal pudendal A
  • innervates pelvic diaphragm
  • lots of teeny tiny endings in the external genitalia (penis and clitoris) after exiting pudendal canal
24
Q

layers of the uterus

A
  1. perimetrium- peritoneum and pelvic visceral fascia
  2. myometrium- smooth muscle
  3. endometrium- mucous coat (inner most later that comes off during menstration)
25
Q

parasympathetic vs sympathetic innervation of pelvis

A

para: pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
symp: sacral splanchnic nerves via sacral sympathetic ganglia

26
Q

What is the path that sperm takes through the male genitalia?

A 
Seminiferous tubules 
Epididymis 
Vas/Ductus Deferens 
Ejaculatory Duct 
(Now Semen) 
Urethra 
Penis
27
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

-spermatozoa matures here in the testes

28
Q

epididymis

A
  • sperm is stored here

- ends in the ductus deferens

29
Q

ductus deferens

A

arises from the epididymis

  • travels around bladder, thru prostate and into the ejaculatory duct
  • component of the spermatic cord
30
Q

ejaculatory duct

A
  • formed by the ampulla of ductus deferens (sperm) and duct of seminal vesicle (seminal fluid)
  • where it is considered semen
  • empties into prostatic urethra via prostate
31
Q

benign hypertrophy of the prostate

A
  • noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland around prostatic urethra
  • happens to a lot of men
  • increase feeling to urinate
  • but painful and difficult to urinate
32
Q

vesicouterine pouch vs rectouterine pouch

A

V: space between bladder and uterus (ant)
R: space between rectum and uterus (post)

33
Q

round ligament of the uterus

A
  • covered by broad ligament
  • anterior
  • originates near fundus of uterus, travels thru inguinal canal to labia majora
  • anchors uterus
34
Q

suspensory ligament of ovary

A
  • connects ovary to the pelvic wall

- not true ligament bc vessels and nerves run through

35
Q

ovarian ligament

A
  • connects the ovary to the uterus

- fold of connective tissue from fundus of uterus to ovary

36
Q

3 broad ligaments of the uterus

A
  • mesosalpinx: mesentery over uterine tubes
  • mesovarium: mesentery over ovaries
  • mesometrium: mesentery from round ligament to body of uterus

CHA 101 (14 decks)

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