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CHA 101 > Lab XI > Flashcards

Lab XI Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood supply of the rectum

A

inferior mesenteric artery-> superior rectal artery-> proximal rectum

internal iliac-> middle rectal artery -> middle and inferior rectum

internal pudendal arteries-> inferior rectal -> anorectal junction

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2
Q

what can be palpated during a rectal exam

A

male: prostate gland and bladder
female: uterus
both: bleeding, masses, lymphadenopathy

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3
Q

anal triangle

A
  • posterior

- ischialtuberosities (lat) and tip of coccyx (Post)

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4
Q

internal anal sphincter vs external anal sphincter

A

internal: more medial, closer to rectum
- > involuntary
- > continuous with smooth muscle of rectum
- > parasympathetic innervation via pelvis splanchnic nerves
external: more lat
- > voluntary skeletal muscle
- > can be controlled
- > innervation: inferior rectal nerve (branch of pudendal)

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5
Q

internal vs external hemorrhoids

A

I: enlargement of veins in rectum

  • > SUPERIOR to pectinate line
  • more dangerous, autonomic nerves -> generalized pain, and not as a wave

E: enlargement of veins in rectum

  • > INFERIOR to pectinate line
  • somatic innervation -> more painful and localized pain
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6
Q

above pectinate line

A

blood supply: superior and middle rectal arteries
innervation: autonomic sensory and motor
AKA endoderm
veinous return-> liver (portal system)

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7
Q

below pectinate line

A

blood supply: inferior rectal arteries
innervation: somatic motor and sensory from inferior rectal nerves (branches of pudendal)
AKA ectoderm
-venous return directly to cardiac system (systemic)

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8
Q

ischioanal fossae

A
  • space between ischial tuberosity and external iliac sphincter
  • contains far and inferior rectal nerves (pudendal nerve branches) and vessels (internal pudendal vessels)
  • provides cushion/protection for nerves and vessels
  • allows rectum to expand and contract
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9
Q

urogenital triangle

A
  • ischial tuberosities (lat) and pubis symphysis (ant)

- perineum/external genitalia

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10
Q

corpus spongiosum

A
  • tissue that makes up the bulb of the penis
  • male erection tissue
  • homologous to bulbs of the vestibule in females
  • spongey urethra runs through this tissue
  • glans penis also made up of this tissue
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11
Q

glans penis

A

-distal enlargement of corpus spongiosum of penis

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12
Q

corpus cavernosum

A
  • tissue that makes up the crura
  • erectile tissue
  • ears in mickey mouse or “buns”
  • on the dorsum of the penis
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13
Q

ischiocavernosus muscle

A
  • muscle!
  • surrounds the crura of the corpora cavernosa along the inferior pubic rami and help maintain an erection by forcing blood from the crura into the body of the penis
  • superficial to crura
  • male and female
  • lateral to bulbospongiosus muscle
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14
Q

bulbospongiosus

A
  • muscle!
  • surround the bulb of the penis and bulb of the vestibule
  • aid in expelling urine and semen from the urethra in addition to erection
  • male and female
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15
Q

labia majora vs minora

A
  • female external genitalia
  • majora: outer layer/lips, thick skin folds
  • minora: thin folds, contains external urethral orifice and opening of vagina
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16
Q

vestibule of vagina

A

-space surrounded by labia minora

17
Q

bulb of vestibule

A
  • erectile tissue lateral to vaginal orifice
  • homologous to corpus spongiosum in males
  • covered by bulbospongiosus muscle
18
Q

Cranial sutures

A

sagittal: 2 parietal bones (1)
coronal: frontal and 2 parietal bones (1)
lambdoid: occipital and 2 parietal bones (1)
squamous: parietal and temporal bones (2)

19
Q

Bones in the orbit

A 
maxilla
ethmoid 
palatine
sphenoid 
frontal
lacrimal 
zygomatic
20
Q

pterion

A
  • temple
  • weak point
  • place of middle meningeal artery
  • common spot of epidural hematoma
  • consists of frontal bone, parietal bone, squamous part of temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bone
21
Q

boundaries of the orbit

A
  • superior: frontal bone
  • medial: lacrimal, frontal, maxilla
  • inferior: zygomatic, maxilla
  • lateral: zygomatic, frontal

CHA 101 (14 decks)

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