Labs and Studies Flashcards
stomach enzyme that breaks food down into dissolvable components and aids in digesting bacteria
HCL
stomach enzyme that aids in digestion of protein
pepsin
stomach enzymes that combines with B12 so that it can be absorbed in the ileum
intrinsic factor
pancreatic enzyme that aids in starch digestion
amylase
pancreatic enzyme that aids in fat digestion
lipase
pancreatic enzyme that aids in protein digestion
trypsin
liver enzyme that aids in fat digestion
bile
bile is stored and metabolized in the _______
gallbladder
most common cause of anemia in adults
GI bleed
lab study that evaluates the vitamin K dependent clotting factors in the liver
PT/PTT
lab study that can indicate risk for fatty live disease
triglyceride
amylase and lipase are usually elevated in ______ pancreatitis, but normal in ______ pancreatitis
acute, chronic
lab study used to evaluate jaundice and liver functioning
bilirubin
lab study elevated in impaired hepatic function and causes altercation in mental status
ammonia
lab studies indicative of protein deficiency
albumin and prealbumin
protein lab study that is more sensitive and lowers faster
prealbumin
_______ binds to iron and carries it through serum
transferrin
transferrin decreased even faster than _____ in protein deficiency
albumin
lab study that indicated iron deficiency
transferrin
lab study that is reduced in patients who are acutely malnourished due to stress, low-calorie intake, or cellular impairment
total lymphocyte count
2 lab studies indicative of colorectal cancer
CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and CA (cancer antigen)
lab study that is indicative of liver cancer
alpha-fetoprotein
2 things decreased calcium can be indicative of
malabsorption
acute pancreatitis
4 things low potassium can be indicative of
vomiting
diarrhea
drainage from intestinal fistula
GI suctioning
decreased albumin levels can indicate ______ diseaase
hepatic
stool samples must be taken to the lab ______ after collection
immediately
you cannot perform fecal occult blood testing if the patient has _____ ______
hemorrhoidal bleeding
2 things breath tests are used to evaluate
carbohydrate absorption
bacterial overgrowth in the intestines
2 things to avoid 1 month prior to breath test
pepto bismol
antibiotics
2 things to avoid 1 week prior to breath tests
sucralfate (carafate)
omeprazole (prilosec)
3 things to avoid 24 hours before breath tests
cimetidine (tagamet)
famtidine (pepcid)
ranitidine (zantac)
you must fast ___ to ___ hours before abdominal ultrasonography to reduce gas in the bowel
8-12
you must eat a ____ free meal the night before a gallbladder ultrasonography
fat
barium studies should be schedules after an abdominal ultrasonography
after
2 types of contrast used with x-ray of the GI system
barium
gastrograffin
patient must be NPO from _____ the night before a contrast study
midnight
2 things you cannot do before contrast study
smoke
chew gum
____ is given to clear out stool before contrast study
miralax
increase _____ after contrast studies to eliminate barium
fluid
enemas are contraindicated if the patient has an active inflammatory disease of the _____
colon
2 things barium enemas are contraindicated in
perforation/obstruction
GI bleed
if the patient has acute kidney injury and has to undergo a CT scan with contrast, administer ______ _____ to help buffer the acidity of the dye
sodium bicarbonate
oral medication given to patients with acute kidney injury that have to undergo CT scan w/ contrast to increase blood flow
N-acetylcysteine
patient must be NPO __ to ___ hours before MRI
6-8
procedure done to detect extent or spread of cancer
positron emission sonography
scan used in bleeding cans to detect location of GI bleed or infection
scintigraphy
patient needs to be NPO __ hours prior to esophagogastroduodenoscopy
8
medication given to provide sedation, loss of gag reflex, and decrease anxiety before an endoscopic procedure
midazolam (versed)
medication given before and endoscopic procedure that decreased secretions
atropine
medication given before endoscopic procedures that relaxes the smooth muscle
glucagon
after colonoscopy prep the bowel should be _____ or slight _____
clear, yellow
you can start formula in gastrostomy __ to __ hours insertion
2-24
a ___ tube is a tube protruding from the skin with a visible bumper
PEG
change ballon type G tubes every ___ to ___ months
3-6
change non-balloon g-tubes every __ to ___ months
6-12
____ tube is inserted through the mouth and ends in the stomach
OG
___ tube is inserted through the nos and ends in the stomach
NG
_______ tube is inserted through the mouth and ends in the small intestine
oroenteric
______ tube is inserted through the nose and ends in the small intestine
nasoenteric
levin tube has a ____ lumen
single
salem sump has a _____ lumen
double
