Fluids Flashcards
24 G needle is _______
yellow
22 G needle is _____
blue
20 G needle is _____
pink
18 G needle is ______
green
___G needles are pediatric sizes and used for irritating meds
24
____ G needles are used for majority of infusions, except blood transfusions
22
blood transfusions are done with a ___ G needle
20
____ G needles are used for CT scans and pre-op patients
20
____ G needles are used for trauma patients, surgery patients, and L&D
18
when an IV infiltrates and the IV medication irritates and causes necrosis of the skin
extracasation
inflammation of the vein
phelebitis
change IV lipid tubing every ___ hours
24
change blood IV tubing every ___ hours
4
change propofol tubing every __ to ___ hours
6-12 hours
change IVF tubing every ____ hours
72
5 patients their veins cannot be used
mastectomy
axillary lymph node dissection
lymphedema
paralysis of upper extremity
dialysis graft or fistula
kidneys regulate _____ and ____ balance
ECF and pH
the pituitary ____ which maintains osmotic pressure by releasing or retaining water
ADH
adrenal glands produce ______ which effect sodium and water retention
aldosterone
parathyroid regulates ______ and _____
calcium and phosphorus
_________ control fluid change by sensing changed in sodium
osmoreceptors
ADH is stimulated by increasing ______ or decreased ______ _____
electrolytes, blood pressure
ADH causes _____ of blood vessels and ______ conservation
constriction, water
ADH increases ______ reabsorption in the kidneys and decreases sweat
water
renin is created by the kidneys in response to ______ ______ _______
decreased blood flow
renin converts ________ to ________
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
angiotensin II causes blood vessels to ______
constrict
aldosterone increases ______ and _____ reabsoprtion and increases ______ secretion
sodium and water, potassium
2 hormones made in the heart ventricles in response to increase stretching
BNP and ANP
BNP and ANP increases ______ and _____ excretion in the urine to decrease blood volume and pressure
sodium and water
kidney excrete __ ml per kg per hr
1
GI tract excretes ___ to ___ ml a day
100-200
electrolytes in the ECF
sodium, chloride, calcium
ECF is ____ liters
15
intravascular fluid is _____ and _____
blood and plasma
intravascular fluid makes up ___ liters
5
interstitial fluid is ___ to ___ liters
11-12
intracellular fluid is ___% of total body fluid
60
electrolytes in ICF
magnesium, potassium, phosphorus
ICF makes up ____ liters
25
total body fluid is ____ liters
40
the movement of fluid across a membrane from low to high concentration
osmosis
when fluid moves across a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure and the force in gravity aids in the movement of the fluid
filtration
number of solutes dissolved in a fluid
concentration
the number of particles in a solution by volume
osmolarity
the number of particles in a solution by mass
osmolality
______ will tell you more about the movement of water in and out the cell
osmolality
_______ is used more in the clinical setting
osmolality
osmolality creates osmotic ______ and affects the movement of water across body compartments
pressure
movements of solids from higher to lower concentration
diffusion
movement of molecules against a concentration gradient with use of energy
active transport
________ solution has a higher concentration than body fluid
hypertonic
______ solution has a lower concentration than body fluid
hypotonic
hypotonic solutions have ____ or low ____
sugar or low salt
_____ solution push water into the cells and causes them to swell
hypotonic
4 uses for hypotonic solutions
severe dehydration
hypernatremia
DKA
dehydration r/t metabolic acidosis
do not use hypotonic solution in patients with _____ _____
intracranial pressure
4 types of hypotonic solutions
D5W
0.45% NS
0.33% NS
0.25% NS
hypertonic fluids have both _____ and high ____
sugar and salt
_______ fluids draws fluid out of cells and causes them to shrink
hypertonic
only use hypertonic fluids if you have _____ ____ access
central line
only use hypertonic fluid in an ICU fluid for ______ _____ or _____ ____
pulmonary edema or fluid overload
hypertonic solution examples
D5NS
D5LR
isotonic fluids have _____ or normal _____
sugar or normal salt
isotonic fluids increase ______ and hypotonic fluids increase _____
ECF, ICF
3 uses for isotonic solutions
blood loss
fluid loss
dehydration
end product of metabolism of protein by the liver
BUN
BUN can be affected by _____
dehydration
normal BUN levels
10-20 mg/dL
end product of muscle metabolism
creatine
creatine _____ as renal function decreases
increases
normal creatine levels
0.7-1.4
volume percentage of red blood cells in the blood
hematocrit
normal hematocrit for men
42-52%
normal hematocrit for women
35-47%
