Laboratory Values Flashcards
Includes electrolytes, glucose, liver & renal function.
What is the name of this common laboratory test?
CMP
BMP
Complete or basic metabolic panel
These are Chemistry Tests
RBCs, Hgb & Hct, WBCs with differential, platelets.
What is name of this common laboratory test?
CBC
- Random & fasting
- Glucose tolerance test
- Hgb A1C
- Self glucose monitoring
What is name of this common laboratory test?
Blood Glucose
PT/INR & APTT
What is name of this common laboratory test?
Coagulation Studies
ESR
CRP
BNP
What are the purpose of these three laboratory tests?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
C-reactive protein
indicator of CHF
Digoxin, Lithium, and Vancomycin this is an example of that type of laboratory test?
Therapeutic Drug Levels
●Urine: Name two types ●Stool: Name two types ●Sputum:Name three types ●Throat: Name two type ●Wound: Name one type These are examples of what kind of laboratory tests?
Urine: UA, Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
Stool: Guiac, Ova and parasite and C&S
Sputum: Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, C&S, and culture for TB
Throat: rapid strep, and C&S
Wound: C&S
Diagnostic
●Purpose: To evaluate conditions which affect RBCs, WBCs, & platelets
●Indicates anemia, blood loss, inflammation, infection, response to chemo, drug SE
●Normals based on normal plasma fluid volume
What laboratory test is this?
CBC
This is done to:
Assess extent of blood loss
This value must always be interpreted in relation to patient’s hydration status and the time the sample was drawn.
What laboratory test is this?
Hematocrit
If done immediately after hemorrhage does not show true extent of RBC loss because plasma and red blood cells are lost in equal proportions.
RBCs and H&H are?
Interrelated
What type of CBC sub-diagnostic test is this? # of RBCs in a cubic mm of \_\_\_\_\_\_ carry O2 & CO2 male or female? 4.7-6.1 million male or female? 4.2-5.4 million
What type of CBC sub-diagnostic test is this?
O2 & CO2 carrying component of RBCs
measurement of ____________ of Hgb in RBC
male or female? 13 - 18 g/dL
male or female? 12 - 16 g/dL (12-18)
What type of CBC sub-diagnostic test is this?
Percentage of ________ in total plasma volume
male or female? 45-52%
male or female? 37-48% (37-52%)
___________- decreased hematocrit, especially in the last trimester as plasma volume increases
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
peripheral venous blood
Male
Female
Hemoglobin
concentration
Male
Female
Hematocrit
RBCs
Male
Female
Pregnancy
___________ – fight infection
___________ – different types of these have varying functions
___________ – major factor in clotting
WBC (leukocytes)
Differential
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Some patients have a normal RBC count but a low hemoglobin level. This situation occurs in which red blood cells have less hemoglobin than normal. What is this disorder called?
Iron Deficiency Anemia
A hemoglobin value _______may causes strain on cardiopulmonary system leading to what four disorders?
Under 5gm
heart failure, MI, CHF, stroke
A hemoglobin value __________ may cause clogging of capillaries (clotting) due to hemoconcentration. Risk of what four disorders?
over 20 gm
MI, stroke, DVT, PE
Transfusion may be needed if Hgb falls below ____.
8g/dL
Hematocrit <60% may result in _______.
cardiac failure
spontaneous blood clotting
__________ value must always be interpreted in relation to patient’s hydration status and the time the sample was drawn.
Hematocrit
This lab test is done to:
Assess extent of blood loss
If done immediately after hemorrhage does not show true extent of RBC loss because plasma and red blood cells are lost in equal proportions.
Hematocrit
RBCs normally increased at high altitudes or with strenuous physical training Why? No answer on PPT
_________ makes RBC and Hct values appear higher due to higher concentration, WNL with fluid balance
Dehydration
_________ - primary
•Pathological increase in RBCs from unknown cause (not due to O2 need)
●____________ Secondary
R/T increase need for oxygen
●secondary cause such as? No NSR
Drugs: Gentamycin and Aldomet
Polycythemia Vera
Polycythemia
●“Anemia” - general term that refers to decrease in red blood cells due to:
- in number of red blood cells, in the Hgb content OR both
- Abnormal size or shape of RBCs may alter Hct values
●What may cause a decrease in RBCs or H & H?
Check PPT to fill in squares
Immature form of erythrocytes circulating in the bloodstream. What is this laboratory test called?
Reticulocyte Count
_______ reticulocyte count indicates bone marrow is responding to the need for increased red blood cell production.
•Increased after acute blood loss
•Increased after whole blood donation
•Increased indicates response to treatment of anemia Ex. Procrit Injections
High
_______ reticulocyte count is seen with pernicious anemia
•Decreased production of intrinsic factor in the stomach resulting in malabsorption of B12
•Ineffective RBC production will lead to low count
Low
Following bleeding episode, low reticulocyte count could indicate _____.
bone marrow failure
These tests are used to define the size and Hgb content of RBC’s ●Used to differentiate types of anemias ●Include •MCV •MCHC •MCH •RDW
RBC Indices
You do not have to know the RBC Indices this semester
Fight infection/react against foreign bodies or tissues
Divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes
Has granules on gram stain
What is this laboratory test?
WBCs or Leukocytes
________ include neutrophils (AKA “polys” or “segs”, basophils, and eosinophils.
_________ include lymphocytes & monocytes.
An increase in percentage of one type of leukocyte causes a ________ in percentage of another type.
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
decrease
