Chapter 9: Culture and Ethnicity Cliff Notes Flashcards
In most African groups a thin body is a sign of poor health. This is an example of what?
Culture
Anticipate conflicts and make adjustments when caring for ethnic groups that value _______ orientation.
present-time
________ populations are more likely to have poor health and die at an earlier age because of a complex interaction among genetic differences, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and specific health behaviors such as the use of herbs to prevent or treat illnesses.
Minority
Eliminating such disparities in health status of people from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds has become one of the two most important priorities of __________.
Healthy People 2020
Populations with health disparities have a significantly _________ incidence of diseases or increased morbidity and mortality when compared to the health status of the general population.
increased
In any society there is a dominant _______ that exists along with other subcultures. Although subcultures have similarities with the dominant culture, they _________ their unique life patterns, values, and norms.
Culture
Maintain
Rationale: In the United States the dominant culture is Anglo- American with origins from Western Europe
_________ characteristics include socioeconomic and immigration status, residential patterns, personal beliefs, and political orientation.
Secondary
When caring for patients from _______ cultures, work with patients’ families as a group, looking for ways the family can participate in basic care activities. Understand the family’s social hierarchy and assume a ________ role with patients and their families.
collectivistic
collaborative
It is important that the nurse advocates for the patient based on the patient’s _________. Plan and provide nursing care in partnership with the patient to ensure that it is safe, effective, and culturally sensitive.
Worldview
Within _______ oriented cultures it is acceptable to be late to appointments. When making appointments and referrals, explore and manage anticipated barriers to time adherence with the patient.
Present Time
Culture has both visible (easily seen) and invisible (less observable) components. The ______ value-belief system of a particular culture is often the major driving force behind visible practices.
Invisible
Being able to assess social, cultural, and bio- physical factors influencing treatment and care of patients. What component of cultural competence is this?
Cultural skills
This population is relocated without any choice in their initial residence, in contrast to immigrants, who have options as to where they go. They also experience greater dislocation and deprivation than immigrants who enter a new country with specialized skills and education and have the option to return to their homeland.
Refugees
Unless the nurse seeks the patient’s ____ view, he or she is likely to suggest other varieties of soups available from the dietary department, disregarding the cultural meaning of the practice to the patient.
emic
An adult patient is not expected to be solely responsible for his or her care and well-being; rather, family and kin are relied on to make decisions and provide care independently perform rehabilitation exercises after hip surgery until her daughter is present. What type of culture is this?
Collectivistic
Engaging in cross-cultural interactions that provide learning of other cultures and opportunities for effective intercultural communication development. What component of cultural competence is this?
Cultural encounters
Avoid _________ or unwarranted generalizations about any particular group that prevents further assessment of the individual’s unique characteristics. It is also important to determine how many of an individual’s life patterns are consistent with his or her ______.
stereotypes
heritage
Effective nursing care care needs to _______ the cultural values and beliefs of individuals, families, and communities.
integrate
An in-depth self-examination of one’s own background, recognizing biases, prejudices, and assumptions about other people. What component of cultural competence is this?
Cultural awareness
On learning that Egyptians value female modesty and gender-congruent care, the nurse encourages female relatives to help the patient meet her needs for ________. The nurse’s cultural encounter enhances understanding of the nonverbal cues of the patient’s discomfort with lack of privacy
personal hygiene
A nurse refuses to give prescribed pain medication to a young African male with sickle cell anemia because of the nurse’s belief (stereotyped bias) that young male Africans are likely to be drug abusers. This is an example of what?
Ethnocentrism
Traditionally in Arab culture pregnancy is not a medical condition but rather a normal life transition; thus a pregnant woman does not always go to a health care provider unless she has a problem. This is an example of what?
Culture
Cultural beliefs highly influence what people believe to be the ______ of illness.
cause
Many Hmong refugees (group of people who originated from the mountainous regions of Laos) believe that epilepsy is caused by the wandering of the soul. Treatment includes intervention by a ______ who performs a ritual to retrieve the patient’s soul.
shaman
Thus a nurse who believes that people should bear pain quietly as a demonstration of strong moral character is annoyed when a patient insists on having pain medication and denies the patient’s discomfort. This is an example of what?
Cultural Imposition
In some Hispanic cultures a plump baby is perceived as healthy. This is an example of what?
Culture
A Hmong seeks a shaman, whereas a westerner seeks a __________.
neurologist
The ____________ of western cultures emphasizing scientific investigation and reducing the human body to distinct parts is in conflict with the holistic conceptualization of health and illness in nonwestern cultures.
biomedical orientation
A _______ uses rituals symbolizing the supernatural, spiritual, and naturalistic modalities of prayers, herbs, and incense burning.
Shaman
The dominant value orientation in _________ society is individualism and self-reliance in achieving and maintaining health. ________ approaches generally promote the patient’s independence and ability for self-care.
North American
Caring
In ________ cultures that value group reliance and interdependence such as traditional Asians, Hispanics, and Africans, ______ behaviors require actively providing physical and psychosocial support for family or community members.
Collectivistic
Caring
The western health care provider interprets this as a lack of self-responsibility and motivation for her care. In contrast, the patient interprets the nurse’s insistence on self-care as uncaring behavior. What is this called?
Cultural Conflict
_________ approaches also include naturalistic modalities such as massage, aromatherapy, and herbs
Personalistic
Many Southeast Asian cultures practice folk remedies such as coining (rubbing a coin roughly on the skin), cupping (placing heated cups on the skin), pinching, and burning to relieve aches and pains and remove bad wind or noxious elements that cause illness. These remedies leave peculiar visible markings on the skin in the form of ecchymosis, superficial burns, strap marks, or local tenderness. _________ of these practices causes a practitioner to call authorities for suspicion of abuse.
Cultural Ignorance
In _____ groups such as the Hispanic culture, physical presence of loved ones with the patient during illness demonstrates caring.
collectivistic
All cultures value ____ because it promotes continuity of the family and community. __________ is generally associated with caring practices that symbolize the significance of this life transition in women.
reproduction
Pregnancy
Some cultures that subscribe to the ________ theory of illness such as many Asian and Hispanic cultures view pregnancy as a hot state; thus they encourage cold foods such as milk and milk products, yogurt, sour foods, and vegetables. They believe that hot foods such as chilies, ginger, and animal products cause miscarriage and fetal abnormality.
hot and cold
__________ refers to “the way people tend to look out upon the world or their universe to form a picture or value stance about life or the world around them.
Worldview
Religious beliefs sometimes interfere with prenatal testing, as in the case of a Filipino couple refusing amniocentesis because they believe that the outcome of pregnancy is _______ and not subject to testing.
God’s will
Vietnamese women are often _____ regarding the pain of childbirth because their culture views childbirth pain as a normal part of life.
stoic
Puerto Rican and Mexican women often ______ their pain during labor and avoid breathing through their mouths because this causes the uterus to rise.
vocalize
_______ in a woman is considered grounds for divorce and rejection among Arabs. Pregnancy that occurs outside of accepted societal norms is generally taboo. Among traditional Muslims pregnancy out of wedlock sometimes results in the family’s imposing severe ______ against the female member.
Infertility
sanctions
Traditional Arab Americans are sometimes physically or verbally more ________ when experiencing pain.
expressive
In ______ cultures, in which infant mortality is very high, the emotional distress over a child’s death is tempered by the reality of the commonly observed risks of growing up. Thus the untimely death of an adult is sometimes mourned more deeply.
non-western
Religious beliefs sometimes prohibit the presence of ______, including husbands, from the delivery room. This often occurs among devout Muslims, Hindus, and Orthodox Jews.
males
Naming ceremonies vary by culture. In the Yoruba tribes in Nigeria, the baby is named at the official naming ceremony that occurs __ days after birth and coincides with ________.
8
circumcision
______ is a strong value among Afghan and Arab women. These women sometimes avoid or refuse to be examined by ____ health care providers because of embarrassment.
Modesty
male
Many cultures around the world greatly celebrate the birth of a ___, including Chinese, Asian Indians, Islamic groups, and Igbos in West Africa.
son
The Chinese culture individuals trace descent only from the ______ side. Thus the name Chen Lu means that Lu is the daughter of Mr. Chen.
paternal
The motivation and commitment to caring that moves an individual to learn from others, accept the role as learner, be open and accepting of cultural differences, and build on cultural similarities. What component of cultural competence is this?
Cultural desire
Jewish, Islamic, and Hindu cultures, bleeding is associated with __________. A woman goes into a ritual bath after bleeding stops before she is able to resume relations with her husband.
pollution
Fear of __________ and the belief that pain is a form of __________ for one’s past deeds motivate most Filipino mothers to tolerate pain without much complaining or asking for medication.
drug addiction
spiritual atonement
(Lewis, 2003). In some African cultures such as in Ghana and Sierra Leone some women do not resume sexual relations with their husbands until the baby is _________.
weaned
The length of the postpartum period is generally much longer (30 to 40 days) in _______ cultures to provide support for the mother and her baby. In these cultures the postpartum period is associated with vulnerability of the mother to ____. To restore balance mothers do not shower and take sponge baths. Some groups have special dietary practices to restore _______.
non-western
cold
balance
In ________ cultures with strong future time orientation and in which a child is expected to survive his or her parents, death of a young person is devastating.
western
The definition of newborn and how age is counted in children varies in some cultures. Among traditional Vietnamese and Koreans a newborn is 1 year old at birth. Once ___ to the U.S. culture, they assume a _______ view, deducting 1 year from the age of the child when speaking to an outsider.
Acculturated
bicultural
________ generally believe that life is suffering and suffering ends when a person moves beyond the earthly desires and atones for past misdeeds.
Buddhists
Filipino, Mexicans, and Pacific Islanders use an ________ to prevent air from entering the woman’s uterus and to promote healing after pregnancy.
abdominal binder
When a _____ dies, the body is bathed, massaged in oil, dressed in clean clothes, and cremated before the next sunrise to ensure that the soul passes quickly from this life to the next.
Hindu
