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Block One Exam 4 > Important Ranges > Flashcards

Important Ranges Flashcards

0
Q

4.3 mEq/L Potassium

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal Potassium Level

Normal Range: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

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1
Q

96 mEq/L Chloride

What does this value indicate?

A

Low Chloride Level

Normal Range: 98 to 106 mEq/L

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2
Q

7.37pH

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal pH balance

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3
Q

7.24 pH

What does this value indicate?

A

The blood is abnormally acidic.

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4
Q

8.5 mg/dL to 10.5 mg/dL

What range is this?

A

Normal Calcium Range

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5
Q 
Kussmaul respirations 
Changes in LOC 
Disorientation 
Muscle twitching 
What acid-base imbalance is this?
A

Metabolic Acidosis

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6
Q

12 mEq/L Anions

What does this value indicate?

A

High anion 
gap

Greater than 
11 mEq/L 
(11 mmol/L) 

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7
Q

7.0 mg/dL Calcium

What does this value indicate?

A

Low Calcium Level

Normal Range: 8.5 mg/dL to 10.5 mg/dL

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8
Q

+1 mmol/L base access

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal Base Access

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9
Q

20 mEq/L HCO3-

What does this value indicate?

A

Decreased HCO3−  indicates that the blood has too many metabolic acids.

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10
Q

High pH
Low CO2
What acid-base imbalance symptoms are these?

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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11
Q

25 mEq/L HCO3-

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal HCO3-

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12
Q

75 mm/HG PaO2

What does this value indicate?

A

Values below normal indicate poor oxygenation of the blood.

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13
Q 
Increase of any acid except HCl: 
Ketoacids (DKA, starvation, 
alcoholism), lactic acid (circulatory 
shock, extreme exercise), 
excessive normal metabolic acids 
(oliguric acute kidney injury, 
end-stage renal disease, severe 
hyperthyroidism, burns, severe 
infection), unusual organic acids 
(salicylate overdose, acids 
metabolized from methanol, 
ethylene glycol, paraldehyde)

This can cause what lab value abnormality?

A

High anion 
gap

Greater than 
11 mEq/L 
(11 mmol/L) 

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14
Q

Rapid, shallow respirations
Dyspnea
Muscle weakness
What acid-base imbalance symptoms are these?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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15
Q

22-26 mEq/L (22-26 mmol/L)

What range is this?

A

HCO3-

Rationale:
HCO3-is concentration of the base (alkaline substance) bicarbonate, a measure of how well the kidneys  are  excreting  metabolic acids. 

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16
Q

+3 mmol/L base excess

What does this value indicate?

A

Values above +2 indicate excessive 

amounts of bicarbonate.

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17
Q

Low pH
High CO2
What acid-base imbalance symptoms are these?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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18
Q

−2 to +2 mmol/L

What is this range?

A

Base excess 

Rationale: Base excess is  observed  buffering capacity minus the normal 
buffering capacity, a measure 
of how well the blood buffers are 
managing metabolic acids. 

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19
Q

7.56 pH

What does this value indicate?

A

The blood is abnormally alkaline. 

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20
Q

32 mm/HG PaCO2

What does this value indicate?

What is this caused by?

A

Decreased PaCO2 indicates excessive CO2 excretion (less carbonic acid) through hyperventilation.

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21
Q 
Slow respirations
Restlessness
Diarrhea 
Nausea & Vomiting
Arrhythmias

What acid-base imbalance symptoms are these?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

22
Q

9.5 mg/dL Calcium

A

Normal Calcium Level

Normal Range: 8.5 mg/dL to 10.5 mg/dL

23
Q 
Excess output of bicarbonate: 
Diarrhea, pancreatic fistula,  
intestinal decompression, renal  
tubular acidosis 
Increase of chloride-containing acid:  
Parenteral HCl therapy

What causes this abnormal laboratory value?

A

Normal anion gap

24
Q

49 mm/HG PaCO2

What does this value indicate?

What is this caused by?

A

Increased PaCO2 indicates CO2 accumulation in blood (more carbonic acid) caused by hypoventilation.

25
Q

Thisvalue is influenced by pH, PaCO2, and body temperature. It drops rapidly when PaO2 falls below 
60 mm Hg (8 kPa).

A

Oxygen Saturation

SaO2

26
Q

8 mEq/L  Anions

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal Anion Gap

27
Q

29 mEq/L HCO3-

What does this value indicate?

A

Increased HCO3- indicates that the blood has too few metabolic acids.

28
Q

98 to 106 mEq/L

What range is this?

A

Normal Chloride Range

29
Q

95%-100%

What range is this?

A

SaO2

Rationale: SaO2 is oxygen saturation, the percentage of hemoglobin that is carrying as much O2 as possible. 

30
Q

5-11 mEq/L  Anions

What range is this?

A

Normal anion gap

31
Q

130 mEq/L Sodium

What does this value indicate?

A

Low Sodium Level

Normal Range: 135 to 145 mEq/L

33
Q

80-100 mm/Hg (10.7-13.3 kPa)

What range is this?

A

PaO2 

Rationale: PaO2 is partial pressure of oxygen (O2), a measure of how well gas exchange is occurring in the 
alveoli of the lungs. 

33
Q

-3 mmol/L base excess

What does this value indicate?

A

Values below −2 (negative base excess) 

indicate excessive metabolic acids.

35
Q

135 to 145 mEq/L

What range is this?

A

Normal Sodium Range

36
Q

Low PH
Low HCO3
What acid-base imbalance is this?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

37
Q

102 mEq/L Chloride

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal Chloride Level

Normal Range: 98 to 106 mEq/L

38
Q

155 mEq/L Sodium

What does this value indicate?

A

High Sodium Level

Normal Range: 135 to 145 mEq/L

39
Q

97% SaO2

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal Oxygen Saturation

40
Q

43 mm/HG PaCO2

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal PaCO2

41
Q

5.4 mEq/L Potassium

What does this value indicate?

A

High Potassium Level

Normal Range: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

42
Q

35-45 mm/Hg (4.7-6 kPa)

What range is this?

A

PaCO2

Rationale: PaCO2 is partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2), a measure of how well the lungs are excreting CO2 
produced by cells. 

43
Q

108 mEq/L Chloride

What does this value indicate?

A

High Chloride Level

Normal Range: 98 to 106 mEq/L

44
Q

140 mEq/L Sodium

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal Sodium Level

Normal Range: 135 to 145 mEq/L

45
Q

7.35-7.45

What range is this?

A

pH

Rationale:
Small changes in pH denote large changes in H+  concentration and are clinically important.
pH is a negative logarithm of the free H+  concentration, a measure of how acid or alkaline the blood is. 

46
Q

7.37pH

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal pH balance

47
Q

3.0 mEq/L Potassium

What does this value indicate?

A

Low Potassium Level

Normal Range: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

48
Q

Deep rapid breathing
Seizures
Confusion
Tingling of Extremities

What acid-base imbalance symptoms are these?

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

49
Q

90 mm/HG PaO2

What does this value indicate?

A

Normal PaO2

50
Q

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

What range is this?

A

Normal Potassium Range

51
Q

High PH
High HCO3
What acid-base imbalance symptoms are these?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

52
Q

17.5 mg/dL Calcium

What does this value indicate?

A

High Calcium Level

Normal Range: 8.5 mg/dL to 10.5 mg/dL

53
Q

Inflate BP cuff on upper arm to 20 mm Hg above systolic pressure, carpal
spasms within 2–5 min indicate tetany in hypocalcemia. What is this sign to indicate tetany called?

A

Trousseau’s Sign

54
Q

Tap facial nerve 2 cm anterior to the earlobe just below the zygomatic arch;
twitching of facial muscles indicates tetany in hypocalcemia. What is this sign to indicate tetany called?

A

Chvostek’s Sign

Block One Exam 4 (13 decks)

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