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Hematology 1 > Laboratory: ESR and Hematocrit > Flashcards

Laboratory: ESR and Hematocrit Flashcards

1
Q

Normal red cells settle faster at the bottom of the tube because of their negatively charged cell surface. True or False?

A

False

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2
Q

What is the standard method for ESR?

A

Westergren

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3
Q

It is performed in the laboratory by placing anticoagulated blood in an upright tube and measures the rate of sedimentation.

A

ESR

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4
Q

A high sedimentation rate signals high levels of inflammation in the body. True or False?

A

True

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5
Q

Inflammation causes a/ an _____ fibrinogen in the plasma.

Increased
Decreased

A

Increased

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6
Q

Which of the following conditions has increased ESR?

Anemia

Increased albumin

Tilting of the tube

Sickle cells

A

Anemia
Tilting of tube

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7
Q

Patient name: Juan Dela Cruz, Sex: Male, Hematocrit= 30%. What is the interpretation?

Increased hematocrit

Decreased hematocrit

Within the normal range

A

Decreased hematocrit

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8
Q

Which side of the Wintrobe tube is used in measuring packed cell volume?

100 at the top, 0 at the bottom

0 at the top, 100 at the bottom

A

100 at the top, 0 at the bottom

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9
Q

Trapped plasma would result in _____.

Increased hematocrit

Decreased hematocrit

A

Increased hematocrit

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10
Q

A phase of ESR where red cells have rapid, and constant rate of sedimentation?

Lag phase

Decantation phase

Packing phase

A

Decantation phase

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11
Q

Which of the following conditions has a decreased hematocrit?

Dehydration

Anemia

Pregnancy

Newborns

A

Anemia

Pregnancy

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12
Q

Why increased rouleaux formation contributes to high ESR?

A

Stack of red cells become heavier, thus, it sediment faster

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13
Q

The coulter counter series of analyzers provide a direct measurement of hematocrit. True or False?

A

False

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14
Q

Buffy coat is included in the measurement of packed cell volume. True or False?

A

False

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15
Q

A marker for inflammation.

ESR

CRP

Both

Neither

A

Both

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16
Q

Two methods that can measure PCV

A

Micromethod (Microhematocrit)
Macromethod (Wintrobe’s)

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17
Q

The coulter counter series of analyzers provide a direct
measurement of hematocrit. True or False?

A

False

Rationale: Indirect measurement is measured

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18
Q

Microhematocrit: Centrifuge for __ at __.

A

5 minutes
10,000 rpm

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19
Q

Normal range of newborn hematocrit

A

53-65%

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20
Q

Normal range of infant hematocrit

A

30-43%

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21
Q

Normal range of adult male hematocrit

A

42-52%

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22
Q

Normal range of adult female hematocrit

A

37-47%

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23
Q

Incomplete sealing of the capillary tubes will give
_ results

A

Falsely-low

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24
Q

Shortened spin time or slowed centrifugation speed
may yield _ results

A

Falsely-elevated

25
Q

Overly anticoagulated blood will be _ due to the _

A

Falsely-low
Shrinkage of RBCs

26
Q

The hematocrit is usually three times the hemoglobin. True or False?

27
Q

Anemia and pregnancy can yield _ results of hematocrit

28
Q

Newborns, high altitude, dehydration and burn patients can yield _ results of hematocrit

29
Q

Usage of macrohematocrit: Higher percentage of trapped plasma which will yield to inaccurate results. True or False?

30
Q

This method is called _ since it requires more blood
sample.

A

Macrohematocrit

31
Q

ESR is reported as

32
Q

When an inflammation process is present, the high proportion of __

A

Fibrinogen

33
Q

Alteration in shapes of RBC can cause _ sedimentation rate

34
Q

In polycythemia, in which the RBCs are high, the ESR is
generally normal. True or False?

35
Q

Increased in the concentration of acute phase protein due to tissue injury will _ Rouleaux formation and hence the ESR

36
Q

Increased plasma albumin increased the sedimentation of RBCs. True or False?

A

False

Rationale: It retards or lowers ESR

37
Q

Increase red cell mass will retard the sedimentation rate. True or False?

38
Q

A tilt of 3 degrees in Wintrobe tube can cause errors up to 75%. True or False?

A

False

Rationale: 3 degrees tilt causes errors up to 30%

39
Q

Increase in room temperature may _ the sedimentation rate

40
Q

RBCs may repel each other due to _

A

Negative charge on their
surfaces

41
Q

Increased Rouleaux formation contributes to high ESR. True or False?F

42
Q

How many minutes does it take to complete the phase of rapid RBC falling?

A

40 minutes

43
Q

ESR values tend to decrease with age and are generally lower in women. True or False?

A

False

Rationale: ESR tends to rise with age and is higher in women

44
Q

ESR is elevated in the black population and those with anemia. True or False?

45
Q

Reference range in Westergren Method for adult female

A

0-15mm/hour

46
Q

Reference range in Westergren Method for adult male

A

0-10mm/hour

47
Q

Reference range in Westergren Method for children less than 10yrs

A

0-10mm/hour

48
Q

Anticoagulant used in ESR

A

3.8% Tri-sodium citrate solution

49
Q

Westergren pipette is closed at one end. True or False?

A

False

Rationale: It is open at both ends. Wintrobe is closed at one end

50
Q

Level of ESR of these conditions?

Multiple myeloma
Connective tissue
Autoimmune diseases
Tuberculosis
Malignancies
Severe anemia

A

Increased ESR

51
Q

Level of ESR of these conditions?

Polycythemia
Severe leukocytosis
Sickle cell disease
Hereditary spherocytosis
Congestive cardiac failure
Corticosteroid use

A

Decreased ESR

52
Q

Aspirin, Cortisone, and Quinine may _ ESR result

53
Q

Dextran, Methyldopa (Aldomet), Oral contraceptives, Penicillamine, Procainamide, Theophylline, and
Vitamin A can cause _ ESR

54
Q

If the concentration of EDTA is greater than recommended, the ESR will be _

A

Falsely-low

55
Q

If the ESR stands for more than 60 minutes, the result
will be _

A

Falsely-elevated

56
Q

If the test is timed for less than 60 minutes, the result
will be _.

A

Invalidly low

57
Q

ESR has _ sensitivity and _ specificity

58
Q

CRP is not affected by as many other factors as is ESR, making it a better marker of inflammation. True or False?

Hematology 1 (13 decks)

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