Laboratory: ESR and Hematocrit Flashcards
Normal red cells settle faster at the bottom of the tube because of their negatively charged cell surface. True or False?
False
What is the standard method for ESR?
Westergren
It is performed in the laboratory by placing anticoagulated blood in an upright tube and measures the rate of sedimentation.
ESR
A high sedimentation rate signals high levels of inflammation in the body. True or False?
True
Inflammation causes a/ an _____ fibrinogen in the plasma.
Increased
Decreased
Increased
Which of the following conditions has increased ESR?
Anemia
Increased albumin
Tilting of the tube
Sickle cells
Anemia
Tilting of tube
Patient name: Juan Dela Cruz, Sex: Male, Hematocrit= 30%. What is the interpretation?
Increased hematocrit
Decreased hematocrit
Within the normal range
Decreased hematocrit
Which side of the Wintrobe tube is used in measuring packed cell volume?
100 at the top, 0 at the bottom
0 at the top, 100 at the bottom
100 at the top, 0 at the bottom
Trapped plasma would result in _____.
Increased hematocrit
Decreased hematocrit
Increased hematocrit
A phase of ESR where red cells have rapid, and constant rate of sedimentation?
Lag phase
Decantation phase
Packing phase
Decantation phase
Which of the following conditions has a decreased hematocrit?
Dehydration
Anemia
Pregnancy
Newborns
Anemia
Pregnancy
Why increased rouleaux formation contributes to high ESR?
Stack of red cells become heavier, thus, it sediment faster
The coulter counter series of analyzers provide a direct measurement of hematocrit. True or False?
False
Buffy coat is included in the measurement of packed cell volume. True or False?
False
A marker for inflammation.
ESR
CRP
Both
Neither
Both
Two methods that can measure PCV
Micromethod (Microhematocrit)
Macromethod (Wintrobe’s)
The coulter counter series of analyzers provide a direct
measurement of hematocrit. True or False?
False
Rationale: Indirect measurement is measured
Microhematocrit: Centrifuge for __ at __.
5 minutes
10,000 rpm
Normal range of newborn hematocrit
53-65%
Normal range of infant hematocrit
30-43%
Normal range of adult male hematocrit
42-52%
Normal range of adult female hematocrit
37-47%
Incomplete sealing of the capillary tubes will give
_ results
Falsely-low
Shortened spin time or slowed centrifugation speed
may yield _ results
Falsely-elevated
Overly anticoagulated blood will be _ due to the _
Falsely-low
Shrinkage of RBCs
The hematocrit is usually three times the hemoglobin. True or False?
True
Anemia and pregnancy can yield _ results of hematocrit
Decreased
Newborns, high altitude, dehydration and burn patients can yield _ results of hematocrit
Increased
Usage of macrohematocrit: Higher percentage of trapped plasma which will yield to inaccurate results. True or False?
True
This method is called _ since it requires more blood
sample.
Macrohematocrit
ESR is reported as
mm/hour
When an inflammation process is present, the high proportion of __
Fibrinogen
Alteration in shapes of RBC can cause _ sedimentation rate
Decreased
In polycythemia, in which the RBCs are high, the ESR is
generally normal. True or False?
True
Increased in the concentration of acute phase protein due to tissue injury will _ Rouleaux formation and hence the ESR
Increase
Increased plasma albumin increased the sedimentation of RBCs. True or False?
False
Rationale: It retards or lowers ESR
Increase red cell mass will retard the sedimentation rate. True or False?
True
A tilt of 3 degrees in Wintrobe tube can cause errors up to 75%. True or False?
False
Rationale: 3 degrees tilt causes errors up to 30%
Increase in room temperature may _ the sedimentation rate
Increase
RBCs may repel each other due to _
Negative charge on their
surfaces
Increased Rouleaux formation contributes to high ESR. True or False?F
True
How many minutes does it take to complete the phase of rapid RBC falling?
40 minutes
ESR values tend to decrease with age and are generally lower in women. True or False?
False
Rationale: ESR tends to rise with age and is higher in women
ESR is elevated in the black population and those with anemia. True or False?
True
Reference range in Westergren Method for adult female
0-15mm/hour
Reference range in Westergren Method for adult male
0-10mm/hour
Reference range in Westergren Method for children less than 10yrs
0-10mm/hour
Anticoagulant used in ESR
3.8% Tri-sodium citrate solution
Westergren pipette is closed at one end. True or False?
False
Rationale: It is open at both ends. Wintrobe is closed at one end
Level of ESR of these conditions?
Multiple myeloma
Connective tissue
Autoimmune diseases
Tuberculosis
Malignancies
Severe anemia
Increased ESR
Level of ESR of these conditions?
Polycythemia
Severe leukocytosis
Sickle cell disease
Hereditary spherocytosis
Congestive cardiac failure
Corticosteroid use
Decreased ESR
Aspirin, Cortisone, and Quinine may _ ESR result
Decrease
Dextran, Methyldopa (Aldomet), Oral contraceptives, Penicillamine, Procainamide, Theophylline, and
Vitamin A can cause _ ESR
Increased
If the concentration of EDTA is greater than recommended, the ESR will be _
Falsely-low
If the ESR stands for more than 60 minutes, the result
will be _
Falsely-elevated
If the test is timed for less than 60 minutes, the result
will be _.
Invalidly low
ESR has _ sensitivity and _ specificity
High
Low
CRP is not affected by as many other factors as is ESR, making it a better marker of inflammation. True or False?
True
