LAB_Tablets Flashcards
Tablets are obtained by compressing uniform volumes of particles or another suitable manufacturing technique like:
-Extrusions
-Moulding
-Freeze drying
An applied force causing these
raw materials to go into the dice
Extrusion
Tablets are used mainly for ___________ drug delivery and may also be used for local effect.
systemic
Compared to liquid formulations, tablets are _________ (more/less) stable chemically, physically and
microbiologically
More
Tablets have __________ bioavailability of drugs
poor bioavailability of drugs
Tablets are _________ (stable/unstable) in GIT
Unstable
the normal way
IMMEDIATE -RELEASE
T/F: Tables may cause harm in the gastrointestinal mucosa
T
CLASSIFICATION OF TABLETS
ACCORDING TO DRUG RELEASE
-IMMEDIATE -RELEASE
-MODIFIED-RELEASE
Drug is released rapidly after administration of the
drug is dissolved in liquid before intake.
IMMEDIATE -RELEASE
Example of IMMEDIATE -RELEASE
chewable, effervescent, sublingual, buccal
Most common type
IMMEDIATE -RELEASE
Liberated from the tablet sometime after
administration and released in normal rapid
after a period has elapsed.
Delayed- release
Example of Delayed- release
enteric-coated tablet, Voltaren
Delayed release can be combined with _____________ for local treatment
prolonged-release
Increased the period of drug absorption after
single administration with 2 or more pulses
release.
Pulsatile- release
Pulsatile- release are normally taken in
capsule
Drug is released slowly at a nearly constant
rate
Prolonged- release
A zero-order type of release is obtained
meaning the rate of elimination is constant
and does not depend on the concentration of
drug in the body.
Prolonged- release
Type of tablet that when taken, it’s intended to disintegrate and
dissolve for faster absorption in the gastrointestinal
tract.
SWALLOWED TABLETS
most common type of tablet,
SWALLOWED TABLETS
“Conventional or plain tablets”
SWALLOWED TABLETS
Excipients added in Swallowed Tablets
Filler, Diksintegrant, Binder, Glidant, Lubricant, Antiadherent
Are dropped in a glass water and carbon dioxide (
CO ) is liberated before intake for faster disintegration and dissolution.
used to prevent formation
of film, normally no binder, includes flavor and
colorants.
Water-soluble lubricant
Effervescent Tablets are prepared by ___________ and _______________
direct compaction and compaction via
granulation
EXample of Effervescent tablets
alkasol sorbifer, Berocca
In effervescent tablets, ___________ reacts
with the bicarbonates/ carbonates they liberate
carbon dioxide. It aids in faster dissolution of the
tablet.
Cirtic acid and tartaric acid
Effervescent tablets ___________ the pH temporarily, it
will cause for _____________ and will go
directly to the ___________ and be absorbed there.
increases; rapid gastric emptying; small intestine
Chewed to facilitate quick disintegration of the
tablets and absorption in gastrointestinal tract or
intestine
CHEWABLE TABLETS
T/F: Chewable tablets can be taken when water is not available
T
Chewable tablets normally doesn’t have __________
disintegrant
used as fillers in chewable tablets, has
flavoring agent and colorant
Mannitol and sorbitol
They are attractive form of tablet and they are given
to patients that have troubles in swallowing such as
elderly patients and children.
CHEWABLE TABLETS
under the tongue
Sublingual-
example of. tablet that is administered sublingually
Clonidine
side of the cheek or between upper lip and
gum the lips
Buccal
Buccal tablets are absorb directly by the veins which goes straight to the ____________ between the gum and front lips or cheeks. It avoids
first-pass effect.
superior vena cava
used to to adhere (in the cheeks/ under the tongue) in place forming a gel
High molecular weight hydrophilic polymers and/ or
gums,
__________ coated tablets are used for palatability, aesthetic appeal
Sugar coated
Sugar coated may
take ______ - _______ coats of concentrated syrup
solution
Sugar coated may
take ______ - _______ coats of concentrated syrup
solution
Pass through the stomach unaltered - release
the effect within the intestinal tract
Enteric coated
The coating is designed to rupture and expose
the core tablet at the desired location in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Film coated
Protect the drug from destruction by gastric
fluid or to aboid gastric irritation/ bypass of the
gastrointestinal tract enhances drug
absroption
Enteric coated
It will not disintegrate right away because
there is a desired location wherein, it will be
absorbed or disintegrated for absorption.
Film coated
is a capsule-shaped comparessed
tablet, coated with gelatin to facilitate
swallowing
Gelatin coated tablets
used to protect the contents from light,
atmospheric oxygen, contamination and any
microbial growth.
Gelatin
it is the process of adding lubricant to the dry
granules while passing through a sieve
#60-100)
Bolting
T/F: Gelatin can also mask the taste of unpalatable
tablet.
T
Example of Gelatin capsule
extra Strength Tylenol PM Gelcaps
Upper part of mold is for
die
Type of granulation that uses roller compactor
Dry granulation
Sieve no. used in dry granulation
12
Sieve no. used in wet granulation
6 or 8; then 12 after dring, then #60-100 while bolting
Bolting is done during _______ granulation
wet
MOLDED TABLETS
“Tablet triturates”
Lower part of mold is for
punches
Molds are wetted with __________ mixture of ______ and ________
50%; water and alcohol
FILLER a.k.a ________
DILUENT
Tablets normally weighs at least _______ mg
50
Ideal filler:
- Chemically intert
- Non hygroscopic
- Biocompatible
- Possess good biopharmaceutical and
technical properties - Palatable
- Reasonable cost
Examples of filler
Lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, dicalcium
phosphate dihydrate, calcium carbonate and
cellulose
Promote breakup of the tablets after
administration to smaller particles for ready drug
availability
DISINTERGANT
Example of disintegrant
Starch, cellulose, cross-linked
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (very common),
sodium starch glycolate (SGG), sodium
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and
(Croscarmellose sodium)
“The glue”
BINDER (ADHESIVE)
Added to a fillers to ensure granules and tablets
have required mechanical strength
BINDER (ADHESIVE)
Binders can be added as ____________ + other ingredients before wetting
Dry powder
Binders can be added as Solution (solution binder) glucose ________,
starch paste ___________
25-50%; 10-20%
Dry binders
microcrystalline cellulose and
cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
Traditional binders
starch, sucrose, gelatin
Modern binders
polymers like
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl
cellulose (HPC) cellulose derivatives - wet
granulation
Improve flowability of the powder
Glidants are added to granules __________ tableting to ensure
flowability
before
Traditional glidant
talc (1-2% by weight)
Modern glidant
colloidal silica (0.2% by weight)
can be glidant and lubricant
Magnesium stearate
Ensure that tablet formation and ejection can occur
with low friction between the solid and the die wall
LUBRICANT
between moving surfaces
of the solids.
Fluid lubrication
film lubricant.
Boundary lubrication
EXamples of Boundary lubrication
Stearic acid or stearic acid salts
Examples of lubricants
magnesiums sterate (1%), Talc 5%,
stearic acid, sodium stearyl fumarate
Antiadherents reduce adhesion between the powder and the
punch faces and thus prevent particles _________ to the punches.
sticking/
picking
examples of antiadherent
● Magnesium stearate - anti adherent
● Talc
● Starch
● Cellulose
