Act 9 Flashcards
Prepared agglomerates of smaller particle size
Granules
Granules are _________ shaped and behaved as a single particle
Irregularly
T/F: Granules may be prepared spherical
T
In the preparation of granules, we make use of sieve no.
sieve #4-12
________ are preparation consisting of solvent, dry
aggregates of powder quantity sufficienty resistant
that can withstand handling.
Granules
Granules are intended for
oral administration
T/F: Granules are swallowed, chewed, dissolved or dispered in water or
another suitable solvent before administered to the patient.
T
T/F: Granules contain one or more active substances
with or without excipients and if possible you can
add suitable colorants and flavorant substances.
T
Disadvantages of Granules
- Particle size differences
- ingredients may segregate either in the hopper’s of the packaging machine or storage in the final bulk container.
Granules are mainly used for ______ (low/high) toxicity, ________ (low/high)
dose drugs
low; high
used as a bulk-forming laxative and has a dose of 1-4g daily.
methylcellulose granules
T/F: single dose granules are enclosed in an individual container.
T
Preparations containing volatile ingredients must be stored in an
airtight container
Methylcellulose granules are stored in a
wide mouth airtight container
uncoated granules containing acid substances
and carbonates or Hydrogen carbonates
which react rapidly in the presence of water
and release carbon dioxide.
Effervescent granules
Intended to be
dissolved or dispersed in water prior to
administration
Effervescent
Consists of granules coated with one or more
layers of mixtures of various excipients.
Coated granules
Substances used as coatings, generally
Polymers, are usually applied as solution or
suspension in conditions in which evaporation
of the vehicle occurs leaving a film ot coating
Coated granules
It is also referred to as enteric coated.
Gastro-resistant
Gastro-resistant granules
are ___________granules that are intended
to resist gastric fluid release of the active
substances in the intestinal fluid.
delayed release
Coated or uncoated granules that contain
special excipients or which are prepared by
special procedures both designed to modify
the rate, place, time at which the active
substances are released.
Modified release
Pharmaceutical process which attempts to
convert powdered materials into aggregates
Granulation
TYPES OF GRANULATION
Dry granulation
Wet granulation
Fluid bed granulation
Allows granulation with or without moisture
Granulating machine/Granulator
Employed in large scale manufacturing
Granulating machine/Granulator
granules are formed by compacting
large masses of the powder mixture and
subsequently crushing it into pieces.
Dry granulation
requires the drug or the diluent to
have cohesive properties to form large
masses.
Dry granulation
Involves wetting powder mixture, sieving and
drying in preparation of granules
Wet granulation
A liquid binder or an adhesive is first
added to the powder mixture. The moist
mass is then passed through a screen
of the desired mesh size and the
resulting granules are dried. The dried
granules can be passed through the
second screen of a smaller mesh to
reduce the size of the granules, even
powder.
Wet Granulation method
results in granules that are too hard for
proper tableting.
Overwetting
results to soft tablets that tends to
crumble
Underwetting
3rd method of granulation
Fluid bed granulation
T/F: Since microparticles are considered as
granules, approaches of making
microparticles such as fluid bed drying
technology can be used for granulation.
T
A granulating solution is sprayed on to the
suspended particles that are then dried
rapidly in the suspending air.
Fluid bed granulation
Penicillin G is also known as
Benzyl Penicillin
Penicillin V is also known as
Phenoxymethyl
A modified penicillin having C6H5OCH2 as
radical
Penicillin V
Relatively stable in the presence of gastric
acidity, soluble in duodenal fluids and orally
effective without buffer
Penicillin V
Pharmacologic category of PHENOXYMETHYL PENICILLIN
POTASSIUM GRANULES FOR ORAL SOLUTION
Antibacterial
Anti-infective derived from natural source
provides faster and higher blood level than
phenoxymethyl penicillin
Oral Pen V. Potassium
CGMP requirement of Antibacterial prep
Must be manufactured in a separate area from
non-penicillin
