(Lab) Act 1-5 Flashcards
cGMP stands for
Current Good Manufacturing Practice
ensures that medicines are made correctly and safely so that they work as they should and are safe to use.
cGMP
CGMP rules are made by a government agency called the
FDA
T/F: Production manager and QC manager should only be PRC registered pharmacis
False. Can be any other related profession (chemist, chemical engineer, etc
T/F: Production Manager and Quality Control Manager should be two different persons to avoid bias.
True
T/F; What is not written is not done.
True
T/F: Production Area should have a sufficient space to minimize clutter and allow smooth flow of
traffic
True
a process which provides a high degree of confidence or assurance that the said line or area is free from any unwanted residue or left over of previous processing’s before proceeding for next process.
Line clearance
LABELING REQUIREMENTS A.O
AO 55 s 1988
Prescribed rules and regulation for the packaging and labelling of food, drugs, devices and cosmetics distributed in the Philippines
Food, Drugs, Device and Cosmetics Art (RA 3720)
Generics Act of 1988
(RA 6675)
classification of drug
Pharmacologic/Pharmaceutical Category
clinical use; use based on what was submitted to FDA
Indication
GENERIC LABELLING REQUIREMENTS AND BRAND NAME CLEARANCE memorandum
Memorandum Circular No. 16-A s. 1994
Guidelines to be observed by FDA in clearance of name relative to food, drugs and cosmetics
Bureau Circular No. 21 s. 1999
Requirements for labeling materials of pharmaceutical products
A.O. No. 55 s. 1988
Requirements for labeling materials of certain categories of certain categories of products containing 2 or more active ingredients
A.O. No. 85 s. 1990
Requirements for labeling materials of categories of pharmaceutical products containing 4 or more active ingredients outside the coverage of A.O. no. 85 s. 1990
A.O. No. 99 s. 1990
Revised rules and regulations governing the generic labeling requirements of drug products for human use
A.O. no. 2016-0008
T/F: The unit content of each vitamin, mineral and/or herbal ingredient present shall no longer be required to be indicated in the generic box, but rather shall be reflected under FORMULATON
True
T/F: For multivitamin products with non-vitamin components, or multi-mineral products with non-mineral components; the term “Multivitamin” or “Mineral” or “Herbs”, respectively, shall first stated, followed by the generic name of the specific additional individual components
True
ALCOA stands for
Attributable, Legible, Contemporaneous, Original, and Accurate.
Additional Alcoa Principles (+)
Consistent
Complete
Enduring
Available
Identify the principle: Initials
Attributable
Identify the principle: Full handwritten signatures (with date and/or time, when applicable/required)
Attributable
Identify the principle: Personal seal
Attributable
Identify the principle: written clearly and readable by both
the writer and the reader
Legible
Identify the principle: prohibition of correction fluid/correction tape
Legible
Identify the principle: data superimposition
Legible
Identify the principle: Use of permanent, indelible ink
Legible
Identify the principle: Strict prohibition of use of pencil
Legible
Identify the principle: Strict prohibition of use of erasable pens
Legible
Identify the principle: “same time”, two actions happening at the
same time
Contemporaneous
Identify the principle: undocumented action is an action that did not happen
Contemporaneous
Identify the principle: Date and time of the action should be indicated when required
Contemporaneous
Identify the principle: NO back-dating (“ante-dating”)
Contemporaneous
Identify the principle:NO forward-dating (“advance dating”)
Contemporaneous
Identify the principle: all data required must be captured and explicitly recorded (brackets/braces/ditto marks (“) are not allowed to imply repetitive/same data. Use of N/A if field is not applicable.)
Complete
Identify the principle: data are presented, recorded, dated, in defined sequence (date/time stamps)
Consistent
Identify the principle: data and records must be sustained throughout their retention period
Enduring
Identify the principle: data must be available anytime it is requested to be reviewed during inspection/regulatory audit
Available
T/F: bioequivalence issues are minimally observed in liquid manufacturing
True (except for suspension)
T/F: For syrups, elixirs or solutions in which nothing is suspended, the particle size and physical characteristics of the raw material are not that significant but these can still affect the rate of dissolution during the manufacturing process.
True
Examples of heterogenous system
suspension, magmas, emulsion, lotions and gels
Most common solvent used
Purified Water, USP
pH of Purified Water, USP must be at
pH 5-7
commonly used % of alcohol
95% ethanol
Primary solvent for organic compounds
Alcohol, USP
At certain concentrations, what % of alcohol is self preserving
10-12%
% sufficient alcohol to maintain the drug in the
solution
5-40%
Clear, syrupy liquid with a sweet taste
Glycerin
Used as stabilizer and co solvent
Glycerin
Substitute to glycerin
Propylene Glycol
Common used preservatives:
Benzoic acid, Sodium Benzoate, Parabens
T/F: Propylparaben and methylparaben can be used alone or in
combination
In what ratio do propylparaben and methylparaben produce a synergistic effect that gives a higher total preservative concentration or action
1:10
employ something that has a stronger flavor to mask the unpleasant taste
Masking/Overshadowing
a barrier is utilized in order to reduce the contact of the drug with receptors present in taste buds
Physical Method
involves chemical reaction to mask the taste
Chemical method
using ingredients that either compete with the drug for the receptor site or by desensitizing taste buds
Physiological method
Clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solution intended for oral use and are usually flavored to enhance their palatability
Elixirs
Sugar + alcohol
Elixirs
T/F: Elixirs are prepared by simple solution with agitation and/or by the admixture of two or more liquid ingredients.
True
T/F: elixirs are less effective in masking
the taste of medicinal substances or APIs because they are less sweet and less viscous
True
Used to treat coughs and congestions usually caused by common
colds
Guaifenesin Oral Solution or Elixir
Guaifenesin Oral Solution or Elixir Acts by _____________ the mucus in the airways and making coughs
_____________
loosening; more productive
T/F: Turbidity in making elixirs is a wanted outcome.
False
What to do when Elixir turns turbid?
Add filtering aid , Stir, Stand overnight
T/F: The alcohol content when present in a pharmaceutical product must be expressed in % alcohol strength in the formulation.
True
Standard concentration of alcohol used:
95%
critical role in the control of microbial
growth
Sucrose concentration
T/F: Diluted sucrose solution = prone to microbial
contamination
true
> 85% concentration (syrup)
prone to recrystallization
85% concentration (syrup):
self-preserving
65 to 80% concentration (syrup)
stable
<60% concentration (diluted conc.)
prone to
microbial growth which serves as an excellent media for yeast
allow purified water or aqueous solution to pass slowly to a bed of crystalline sucrose packed or placed in a percolator thus dissolving the sucrose
Percolation
faster and requires a shorter time; produces yello syrups;
Solution with aid of heat
Excessive heat leads to
inversion of sucrose
If inversion happens, sweetness of product is greatly __________ because invert
sugars are _________ than sucrose
altered; sweeter
Performed in order to ensure maximum stability; time consuming
Solution without aid of heat
ADR of paracetamol
hepatotoxicity
pharmaceutical category of paracetamol syrup
Analgesic/Antipyretic
(Paracetamol) Toxic dose
single dose of more than 10g
(Paracetamol) Children of 2 years of age
dose of more than 3g
Recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol for adults is
4 grams
Green vitriol; Pale bluish green crystal; Hygroscopic
FERROUS SULFATE SYRUP
T/F: if ferric sulfate is brownish yellow, it can no longer be used as raw material
Ferric sulfate
Pharmacologic Category of FeSO4
Hematinic
For iron deficiency anemia; can increase hemoglobin
content of RBC
Hematinic (FeSO4)
Iron is best absorbed on a/an __________ stomach usually taken 1 hour before
meal or 2 hours after meal
empty
12% elemental iron by weight NH; least GI effect
Fe gluconate
33% elemental iron by weight; fortified in dry
cereals; more stable than Fe sulfate
Fe fumarate
20% elemental iron by weight; most readily by the GUT
but when added to dry cereals, it can promote spoilage and
rancidity; most common S/E is constipation
Fe sulfate