Lab3 Connective Tissue Flashcards
Embryonic Connective Tissue
Mesenchyme
Fish eyes
Where is Mesenchyme located?
Embryo
What does Mesenchyme do?
Gives rise to all types of adult connective tissue
Areolar CT
- part of loose connective tissue
* gel like matrix with collagen and elastic fibers
What cells does areolar CT contain?
•fibroblast, mast and microphages cells
Where is Areolar CT found?
• around capillary networks
What does Areolar CT do?
•protects capillaries
Adipose CT
- part of loose connective tissue
* only example of closely packed cells in a CT
Where is Adipose CT found?
•subcutaneous layers of the skin, •around kidneys, eyes, heart, breast, and abdominal cavity
What is Adipose CT for?
• functions as protective padding, thermal insulation and energy storage
What is Adipose CT mainly composed of?
•adipocytes cells that store lipids
Reticular connective tissue
- part of loose connective tissue
- reticular fibers arranged Ina network
- loose ground substance
Main cell of Reticular CT?
•reticular cells
What is reticular CT do?
•forms flexible scaffolding that supports other types of cells
Where is Reticular CT found?
•lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver and kidney
Dense Regular CT
•part of dense CT
parallel bundles of collagen fibers (give great tensile strength in 1 direction)
• little ground substance
What is the main cells of dense regular CT?
•fibroblast
Where is Dense Regular CT located?
•forms ligaments and tendons
What is Dense Regular CT do?
•anchors bones to each other and muscle to bone
Dense Irregular CT
- part of dense CT
* bundles of collagen fiber (not parallel)
Main cell of Dense Irregular CT
•fibroblast
Where is Dense Irregular found?
- reticular layer of dermis
* wall of digestive tract and fibrous capsule of organs and joints
What does Dense Irregular do?
•collagen bundles give structural strength to resist tearing in all directions
Elastic CT
- modified dense regular CT
* elastic fibers
What does elastic CT do?
•recoils the tissue following a stretch
Where is elastic CT found?
- walls of large arteries
* walls of bronchial tubes
Hyaline Cartilage
- part of Supporting CT
- firm matrix containing collagen fibers (matrix is compressible)
- AVASCULAR tissue (lacks blood vessels)
What cells does Hyaline Cartilage contain?
• chondrocyte cells located in cavities called lacunae
Where is Hyaline Cartilage found?
•covering ends of long bones w/in joints, costal cartilage, cartilage of nose, trachea and larynx
What does Hyaline cartilage do?
•sock absorber and frictions deductive between bony surfaces
Fibrocartilage
- part of supportive Combe give tissue
* contains collagen fibers (like hyaline) but more regular
What cells does fibrocartilage contain?
•chondrocyte cells in lacunae
Where is Fibrocartilage found?
•intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis and menus menisci of the knee
What does fibrocartilage do?
•sock absorber with high tensile strength
Elastic cartilage
- part of supporting CT
- most # of elastic fibers found than any other cartilage
- very flexible cartilage
Where is Elastic Cartilage found?
•auricle of outer ear and epiglottis
Compact Bone
- part of supporting connecting tissue
- contains calcified collagen fibers
- contains closely packed OSTEON which consists of a CENTRAL CANALS surrounded by concentric rings of matrix called LAMELLAE
What type of cells does Compact bone have?
•Osteocytes cells found inside lacunae
Where is Compact bone found?
•bones of skeleton
Cancellous Bone
- part of Supportive connecting tissue
- spongy
- lighter and less dense than compact bone
What does Cancellous bone contain?
- plates of bone, called TRABECULAE
* that form irregular cavities that contains RED BONE MARROW
Where is Cancellous Bone found?
•deep in compact bone
What does red bone marrow produce in Cancellous bone?
•produces blood cells in process of HEMATOPOIESES
Blood
- part of fluid connective tissue
* watery matrix called PLASMA containing Protein Fibers
What cells does Blood have?
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells) transport respiratory gases
* Leukocytes (white blood cells) participates in body defenses and blood clotting
Where is blood found?
•found in blood vessels
What is the integumentary system?
- skin
* also called cutaneous membrane
What are the accessories organs of the Integumentary system??
- sweat glands
- sebaceous glands (oil)
- sensory receptors
- hair
- nail
What are the the functions of skin?
- Two way barrier
- Regulates body temp
- Provides sensory info
- Excretes waste products
- Synthesizes Vit D
- Stores energy
What are the accessories organs of the Integumentary system??
- sweat glands
- sebaceous glands (oil)
- sensory receptors
- hair
- nail
What are the the functions of skin?
- Two way barrier
- Regulates body temp
- Provides sensory info
- Excretes waste products
What does the two way barrier mean?
- protects body from incoming harm like pathogens, UV light damage,
- prevents body from losing body fluids,
How does akin assists in regulating body temperature?
- evaporation of sweat cools body
* adipose tissue of the hypodermis provides thermal insulation
How does the skin provide sensory information to the brain?
• through sensory receptors
What waste products does skin excrete??
- small amounts of salt
- water
- organic waste
Why is the synthesis of vitamin D important?
• for Calcium metabolism
Where is the energy store?
•adipose tissue located in the hypodermis
What are the layers of skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- hypodermis (not really)
What is the Epidermis?
- superficial layer of skin
- strat. squamous Keratinized ET
- AVASCULAR
- 5 of thick skin
- 4 layers of thin skin
What is the primary cell of the epidermis?
- keratinocytes
- produces keratin
- constantly produced in the Stratum Basale
What are the 5 distinct layers of the epidermis?
- Stratum corneum (15-30 flat, deas rows)
- Stratum Lucidum (3-5 flat dying rows. Sole, palms)
- Stratum granulosm (3-5 dying shrinking)
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum Basale
What is the stratum Basale?
- bottom layer of epidermis
- only living layer
- also called stratum germinativum
- actively dividing cells
Found in the stratum Germinativum, touch receptor
• Market cell
What is langerhan’s cell?
- migrate from bone marrow
- protects against bacteria
- found in stratum spinosum
What is the dermis?
- 2 part thickest layer of skin
- papillary
- reticular
What is the dermis composed of?
- collagen
- elastic fibers
- gives skin strength and flexibility
What does the papillary layer consist of?
- contacts the stratum Basale
* composed of areolar connective tissue
What does the reticular layer of dermis consists of?
- bulk of dermis
- dense irregular CT
- contacts the hypodermis
What is meissner’s corpuscle?
- tactile corpuscle
* serves for touch
What is dermal papilla?
• extensions of papillary layer into epidermis
What are glands?
• ducts that produce sweat and oil
What are the two types of glands on the skin?
- sudoriferous glands
* sebaceous glands (oil sebum)
What are the 2 subtypes of sudoriferous glands?
- Eccrine sweat glands
2. Apocrine sweat glands
What does Eccrine sweat glands consist of?
- most common type of sweat gland
- secretes watery sweat
- cools skin
- contains small amounts of waste product
- merocrine glands
What are apocrine sweat glands?
- mainly found in axillae and linguinal region
- responsible for body odor
- secretes onto hair follicle
What are the parts of the hair
- hair shaft
- hair root
- hair follicle
- hair bulb
- hair papilla
Where is the actively dividing cells in the hair?
• hair bulb
What is the errector pili muscle responsible for?
• goosebumps
What are sensory receptors responsible for?
- detecting the physical environment around the body
- touch
- temperature
- movement
- pain
What are the types of sensory receptors?
- Nociceptors
- Markel discs
- Tactile corpuscles
- Thermopreceptors
- Hair root plexus
- Ruffini’s corpuscles
- Lamellated corpuscles (pacinian)
What detects pain?
• nociceptors
What detects fine touch and pressure?
• Merkel discs
What detects touch?
- tactile (meissner’s) corpuscles
* q-tip shaped
Free nerve endings for cold and warm receptors?
• thermoceptors
What detects hair movement?
• hair root plexus
What detects stretching?
• Ruffini’s corpuscles
What detects deep pressure?
• lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles
What is the nail?
• composed of hard flat Keratinized cels at the end of fingers and toes
Nail body
- flat Keratinized plate
* bulk of nail
Free edge nail
• unattached end of nail
Lunula
• half mood white showed area at bottom of nail
Eponychium
• seals of nail root
Nail matrix
• actively dividing cells
Nail root
• newly produced nail cells
Nail bed
Area of skin under nail body
