Lab Tissues Flashcards
What is the type of tissue shown? What is the space indicated in the image? Where would you find it? What function does it have?
Simple squamous epithelium
indicated space - lumen
Locations:
- Endothelium - lines cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
- Mesothelium - epithelial layer of serous membranes
- air sacs of lungs, Bowman’s capsule of kidneys, inner surface of eardrum
Function: filtration, diffusion, and secretion in serous membranes
What type of tissue is this? What are the structures and spaces indicated in the photo? Where would you find it? What functions does it have?
simple cuboidal epithelium
space - lumen
structure - connective tissue
Locations:
- surface of ovaries
- capsule of lens of eye, pigmented epithelium of retina
- lines kidney tubules
- secreting portion of thyroid gland, pancreas
Function: secretion and absorption
What is this type of tissue? What is on its apical surface? Where would it be found? What are its functions?
Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium
Apical surface - microvilli
Location: GI tract, ducts of glands, gallbladder
Function: secretion and absorption
- larger than cuboidal: higher level of absorption and secretion
- goblet cell secretes mucus
- helps protect stomach lining
What is this type of tissue? What is on its apical surface? Where would it be found? What are its functions?
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
apical surface - cilia
Location:
- bronchioles of respiratory tract, paranasal sinuses
- fallopian tubes, uterus
- central canal of spinal cord, ventricles of brain
Function:
cilia beed in unison, moving mucus/foreign particles toward throat
- speed up by coughing/sneezing
help move oocytes expelled from ovaries through fallopian tubes
What is this type of tissue? What is on its apical surface? Where would it be found? What are its functions?
Ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium (can also be nonciliated)
apical surface: Cilia
- nonciliated without cilia/goblet cells
Location:
Ciliated: airways of upper respiratory tract
Nonciliated: large ducts of many glands, epididymis, male urethra
Function:
Ciliated: secretes mucus from goblet cells that trap particles, sweeps away for elimination
Nonciliated: variety of functions in absorption and protection
What is this type of tissue? Where would it be found? What are its functions?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Location: wet surfaces - mouth, esophagus, epiglottis, pharynx, vagina, tongue
Function: protection against abrasion, water loss, UV radiation, foreign invasion
- defense against microbes
What is this type of tissue? What is on its apical surface? Where would it be found? What are its functions?
Kertatinized stratified squamous epithelium
apical surface: keratin - tough, fibrous intracellular protein that protects skin
Location: superficial layer of the skin
Function: protection against abrasion,w water loss, UV radiation and foreign invasion
- 1st line of defense against microbes
What is this type of tissue? What is on its apical surface? Where would it be found? What are its functions?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Apical surface: lumen
Location: ducts of sweat and esophageal glands, part of male urethra
Function: protection, limited secretion and absorption
What is this type of tissue? Where would it be found? What are its functions?
Stratified columnar epithelium
- apical cells are typically more columnar than basal
Location:
- lines portion of urethra
- large excretory ducts of esophageal glands
- small areas in anal mucous membrane
- conjunctiva of eye
Function: protection and secretion
What is this type of tissue? What is on its apical surface? Where would it be found? What are its functions? What is the difference between A and B?
Transitional epithelium
- variable appearance, can be relaxed or stretched
Apical surface: cells give away state
- Spherical - relaxed
- flattened - stretched
Location: urinary bladder, portions of ureters and urethra
Function: multiple layers and elasticity allow urinary organs to stretch and maintain protective lining with different volumes of fluid without rupturing
Identify A, B and C in the image.
A. Nonciliated simple columnar cell
B. Basement membrane
C. Connective tissue
What are the yellow structures in the image? What are their function? What kind of epithelial cells would you find them with?
Goblet cells - modified columnar cells epithelial cells that secret music at their apical surface
Columnar cells
What kind of connective tissue is this? What are all the highlighted structures? Where would you find this kind of CT and what is its function?
Areolar connective tissue - loose CT
Green - Fibroblast
Red - Mast cell surrounded by histamine
Blue - Elastic Fiber
Yellow - Collagen fiber
Location: in and around nearly every body structure
Function:
strength, elasticity, support
What kind of connective tissue is this? What are the highlighted structures and spaces? Where is it found? What is its function?
Adipose tissue - loose CT
Blue - plasma membrane
Yellow - Blood vessel
Space - fat storage area
Location: wherever areolar connective tissue is located, around heart and kidneys, yellow bone marrow, padding at joints, behind eyeball
Function: reduces heat loss through skin, energy reserve, support and protests organs
What kind of connective tissue is this? Where is it found? What is its function?
Reticular connective tissue - loose CT
- made of reticular fibers and reticular cells
Location: stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes
- red bone marrow
- reticular lamina of basement membrane
- surrounds blood vessels and muscles
Function:
- forms stroma of organs
- bind smooth muscle tissue cells
- filters are removed worn out blood cells in spleen, microbes in lymph nodes
What kind of connective tissue is this? What are the circled structures? Where is it found? What is its function?
Dense connective tissue - dense CT
circle - fibroblast
Square - Collagen fibers
Location: tendons (muscle to bone)
- ligaments (bone to bone)
- aponeurosis (muscle to muscle/bone)
Function: strong attachment between structures
- withstands tension along axis
What kind of connective tissue is this? What are the highlighted structures and spaces? Where is it found? What is its function?
Dense irregular connective tissue - Dense CT
Blue - nucleus of fibroblast
Green - blood vessels
Yellow - collagen fibers
Location - occurs in sheets
- fasciae
- reticular region of dermis
- pericardium of heart
- perichondrium of cartilage
Function: provides tensile (pulling) strength in many directions
What kind of connective tissue is this? Where is it found? What is its function?
Elastic connective tissue - Dense CT
- predominantly made of elastic fibers with fibroblasts between them
Location: lung tissue, elastic arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, vocal cords, ligaments of penis, ligaments between vertebrae
Function: allows organs to stretch
- strong elastic, can recoil to original shape after stretching
What kind of connective tissue is this? What are the highlighted structures and spaces? Where is it found? What is its function?
Hyaline cartilage - Cartilage
- ground substance is smooth, cells surrounded by perichondrium
yellow: Lacuna
Green - Chondrocyte (cell)
Location: most abundant cartilage in body
- ends of bones, anterior ends of ribs, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi/tubes
Function: provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints, flexibility and support
What kind of connective tissue is this? Where is it found? What is its function?
Fibriocartilage - cartilage
- surrounded by thick bundles of collagen, lack perichondrium
- has lacuna
Location: pubic symphysis (where hips bones join), intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, portions of tendons
Function: support and joining structures together
- strongest type of cartilage due to strength and rigidity
What kind of connective tissue is this? What are the highlighted structures and spaces? Where is it found? What is its function?
elastic cartilage - cartilage
- chondrocytes in threadlike network of elastic fibers
- perichondrium present
Location:
- lid of larynx (epiglottis)
- external ear
- auditory tubes
Function: provides strength and elasticity
- maintains shape of certain structures
Describe a cell in interphase
contains defined nuclear envelope, nucleolus and chromatin
- state of high metabolic activity
Describe G1, S, and G2
G1: metabolically active
- organelles and cytosolic components replicate
- centrosomes begin replicating
S: DNA replication
- both daughter strands has portion of mother strand
G2: cell growth, protein synthesis
- centrosome replication complete
What phase is this cell in? What happens in this phase?
Prophase:
chromatin condense and shorten into chromosomes
- chromosomes consist of two identical chromatids held together by centromere
Mitotic spindle forms: football shaped microtubules attach to kinetochore of centromere
Nucleolus and nuclear envelop break down
What phase is this cell in?
Metaphase
microtubules of mitotic spindle align centromeres of the chromatid pairs at the center of the mitotic spindle
What phase is this cell in? What starts at this phase?
Anaphase
- centromeres split, separating chromatids and pulling them toward opposite poles of cell
- individual chromatid becomes a chromosome again
Cytokinesis begins
- division of cell cytoplasm
- cleavage furrow: slight indentation of plasma membrane due to actin filaments
What phase are these cells in? What happens in this phase?
Telophase
begins after chromosomal movement stops
mitotic spindle breaks up
chromosomes uncoil and turn back into chromatin
nuclear envelope forms around chromatin mass & nucleoli appear
once completed, cytokinesis continues until completion = 2 daughter cells in interphase
What is this structure? When does it form? What kind of cells produce it?
cell plate - begins growing in telophase
plant cells (ex. onion root tips)
What are the differences in cell replication in plants and animal cells?
Animal cells have: centrioles, asters
Plant cells: cell plate for cytokinesis
