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BIOL 430 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

head (face and skull)

A 
head = cephalic 
face = facial 
skull = cranial
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2
Q

forehead, temple, eye

A 
forehead = frontal
temple = temporal 
eye = optic
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3
Q

ear, cheek, nose, mouth, chin

A 
ear = otic
cheek = buccal 
nose = nasal 
mouth = oral 
chin = mental
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4
Q

neck, chest, breast bone, breast

A

neck = cervical
chest = thoracic
breast bone = sternal
breast = mammary

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5
Q

armpit, arm, front of elbow, back of elbow

A

armpit = axillary
arm = brachial
front of elbow = antecubital
back of elbow = cubital

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6
Q

forearm, wrist, palm, fingers

A 
forearm = antebrachial 
wrist = carpal 
palm = palmar/volar 
fingers = digital or phalangeal
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7
Q

hand, thumb, back of hand

A

hand = manual
thumb = pollex
back of hand = dorsum

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8
Q

abdomen, pelvis, navel, hip

A 
abdomen = abdominal
pelvis = pelvic 
navel = umbilical 
hip = coxal
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9
Q

thigh, knee, leg (shin)

A

thigh = femoral
knee = patellar
leg (shin) = crural

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10
Q

ankle, foot, toes, top of foot, big toe

A 
ankle = tarsal 
toes = digital or phalangeal 
foot = pedal 
top of foot = dorsum
big toe = hallux
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11
Q

sole of foot, heel

A

sole of foot = plantar

heel = calcaneal

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12
Q

calf, hollow behind knee, anus/external genitalia

A

calf = sural
hollow behind knee = popliteal
anus/external genitalia = perineal

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13
Q

buttock, area between hips, loin (lower back)

A

buttock = gluteal
area between hips = sacral
loin (lower back) = lumbar

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14
Q

spinal column, shoulder blade, base of skull

A

spinal column = vertebral
shoulder blade = scapular
base of skull = occipital

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15
Q

superior vs inferior

A

superior - toward the head

inferior - away from the head

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16
Q

anterior and posterior

A

anterior - near/front of body

posterior - near/back of body

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17
Q

medial vs lateral

A

medial - towards midline

ventral - away from midline

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18
Q

ipsilateral, contralateral and intermediate

A

ipsilateral - on the same side of the body
contralateral - on the other side of the body
intermediate - in between two structures

19
Q

proximal vs distal

A

USE ONLY FOR LIMBS, NO SUP/INF
proximal - closer to the base of the trunk
distal - further away from the trunk

20
Q

superficial vs deep

A 
superficial = near the surface of the body 
deep = away from the surface of the body
21
Q

What are the planes in this picture?

A

sagittal - into L and R regions. mid - down midline, para = unequal splits
frontal - plane creates anterior and posterior sections
transverse - plane creates inferior and superior sections
oblique - anything that is not cut at a 90* angle

22
Q

describe the dorsal cavity

A

cranial cavity: contains the cranial bones and brain

vertebral cavity: contains the vertebral column, spinal cords and the beginning of spinal nerves

23
Q

define the following three and where you would find them: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

A

all three are serous membranes that reduce friction of organs

  • visceral: lines the organs
  • parietal: lines the cavity

Pleura: lines the lungs and pleural cavity surrounding the lungs of the thoracic cavity

Pericardium: lines the heart and the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart in the thoracic cavity

peritoneum: lines many of the abdominal organs
- retroperitoneal: designation that certain organs get because they are not surrounding by peritoneum, but are posterior to an organ that is

24
Q

What is this cavity as a whole? Describe cavity A, B and C.

A

Thoracic cavity

Cavity A: mediastinum - central portion of the cavity between the lungs

  • extends from sternum to vertebral column, 1st rib to diaphragm
  • contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea

Cavity B: pericardial cavity - potential space of pericardium that surrounds the heart

Cavity C: pleural cavity - potential space of pleura that surrounds the lungs

25
Q

describe the abdominopelvic cavity. what separates it from the thoracic cavity?

A

separated by diaphragm

abdominal cavity: contains stomach, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, most of large intestine
- serous membrane: peritoneum

pelvic cavity: contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, internal organs of reproduction

26
Q

what are the 4 lines that separate the abdominopelvic regions?

A

horizontal lines:
A. Subcostal - superior
B. transtubercular - inferior

vertical lines:
midclavicular lines - L and R

27
Q

Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?

A

Region A: Right hypochondriac region - liver, hepatic part of large intestine

Region B: Epigastric - stomach, liver, transverse colon

Region C: Left hypochondriac region - spleen, part of stomach

28
Q

Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?

A

Region A: Right lumbar - ascendant large intestine, small intestine, right kidney and adrenal glands

Region B: umbilical - small intestine

Region C: Left lumbar - descendant colon, small intestine, left kidney

29
Q

Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?

A

Region A: Right inguinal region - cecum, appendix, right ovary

Region B: Hypogastric - bladder, small intestine, sigmoid and rectum, prostate

Region C: Left inguinal area - ascending sigmoid colon, left ovary

30
Q

Label the organs in this section. What kind of plane is this?

A 
Transverse plane 
A - Liver 
B - Stomach 
C - Mesentery - folded membrane that holds intestines to the abdominal wall
D - Spleen
E - L kidney 
F - Vertebra 
G - Inferior vena cava 
H - vertebral canal 
I - abdominal muscles 
J - aorta
31
Q

What is this structure? What region is it in?

A

Appendix

R inguinal

32
Q

What is this structure? What cavity is it located in?

A

Thymus

mediastinum

33
Q

What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in? What function does it have?

A

Cecum

R inguinal

removes liquids from digested material

34
Q

What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?

A

Ascending colon

Right lumbar

35
Q

What is this structure? What abodminopelvic region is it located in?

A

Transverse colon

epigastric

36
Q

What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?

A

Descending colon

L lumbar

37
Q

What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?

A

sigmoid colon

hypogastric region

38
Q

What is this structure? What abdoninopelvic region is it located in?

A

Gallbladder

R hypochondriac region

39
Q

What is this structure?

A

Thyroid gland

It is NOT located in mediastinum

40
Q

What is this structure?

A

Larynx

41
Q

What is this structure? What cavity is it located in?

A

Trachea

Mediastinum

42
Q

What is this structure?

A

Bronchi

43
Q

What is a serous membrane and what is its function> What are the names of the membrane based on its location?

A

think double layered membranes that cover the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities as well as the walls of the thorax and abdomen to reduce friction

visceral - surrounds the organs
parietal - on the walls

lungs - pleura
heart - pericardium
peritoneum - abdomen

44
Q

What is retroperitoneal mean and what does it consist of?

A

describes organs that are not surrounded by peritoneum, but posterior to it

includes: kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon and the inferior vena cava

BIOL 430 (14 decks)

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