Chapter 1 Flashcards by Jerica Golez

head (face and skull)

head = cephalic 
face = facial 
skull = cranial

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forehead, temple, eye

forehead = frontal
temple = temporal 
eye = optic

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ear, cheek, nose, mouth, chin

ear = otic
cheek = buccal 
nose = nasal 
mouth = oral 
chin = mental

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neck, chest, breast bone, breast

neck = cervical
chest = thoracic
breast bone = sternal
breast = mammary

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armpit, arm, front of elbow, back of elbow

armpit = axillary
arm = brachial
front of elbow = antecubital
back of elbow = cubital

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forearm, wrist, palm, fingers

forearm = antebrachial 
wrist = carpal 
palm = palmar/volar 
fingers = digital or phalangeal

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hand, thumb, back of hand

hand = manual
thumb = pollex
back of hand = dorsum

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abdomen, pelvis, navel, hip

abdomen = abdominal
pelvis = pelvic 
navel = umbilical 
hip = coxal

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thigh, knee, leg (shin)

thigh = femoral
knee = patellar
leg (shin) = crural

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ankle, foot, toes, top of foot, big toe

ankle = tarsal 
toes = digital or phalangeal 
foot = pedal 
top of foot = dorsum
big toe = hallux

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sole of foot, heel

sole of foot = plantar

heel = calcaneal

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calf, hollow behind knee, anus/external genitalia

calf = sural
hollow behind knee = popliteal
anus/external genitalia = perineal

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buttock, area between hips, loin (lower back)

buttock = gluteal
area between hips = sacral
loin (lower back) = lumbar

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spinal column, shoulder blade, base of skull

spinal column = vertebral
shoulder blade = scapular
base of skull = occipital

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superior vs inferior

superior - toward the head

inferior - away from the head

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anterior and posterior

anterior - near/front of body

posterior - near/back of body

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medial vs lateral

medial - towards midline

ventral - away from midline

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ipsilateral, contralateral and intermediate

ipsilateral - on the same side of the body
contralateral - on the other side of the body
intermediate - in between two structures

proximal vs distal

USE ONLY FOR LIMBS, NO SUP/INF
proximal - closer to the base of the trunk
distal - further away from the trunk

superficial vs deep

superficial = near the surface of the body 
deep = away from the surface of the body

What are the planes in this picture?

sagittal - into L and R regions. mid - down midline, para = unequal splits
frontal - plane creates anterior and posterior sections
transverse - plane creates inferior and superior sections
oblique - anything that is not cut at a 90* angle

describe the dorsal cavity

cranial cavity: contains the cranial bones and brain

vertebral cavity: contains the vertebral column, spinal cords and the beginning of spinal nerves

define the following three and where you would find them: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

all three are serous membranes that reduce friction of organs

visceral: lines the organs
parietal: lines the cavity

Pleura: lines the lungs and pleural cavity surrounding the lungs of the thoracic cavity

Pericardium: lines the heart and the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart in the thoracic cavity

peritoneum: lines many of the abdominal organs
- retroperitoneal: designation that certain organs get because they are not surrounding by peritoneum, but are posterior to an organ that is

What is this cavity as a whole? Describe cavity A, B and C.

Thoracic cavity

Cavity A: mediastinum - central portion of the cavity between the lungs

extends from sternum to vertebral column, 1st rib to diaphragm
contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea

Cavity B: pericardial cavity - potential space of pericardium that surrounds the heart

Cavity C: pleural cavity - potential space of pleura that surrounds the lungs

describe the abdominopelvic cavity. what separates it from the thoracic cavity?

separated by diaphragm abdominal cavity: contains stomach, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, most of large intestine - serous membrane: peritoneum pelvic cavity: contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, internal organs of reproduction

what are the 4 lines that separate the abdominopelvic regions?

horizontal lines: A. Subcostal - superior B. transtubercular - inferior vertical lines: midclavicular lines - L and R

Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?

Region A: Right hypochondriac region - liver, hepatic part of large intestine Region B: Epigastric - stomach, liver, transverse colon Region C: Left hypochondriac region - spleen, part of stomach

Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?

Region A: Right lumbar - ascendant large intestine, small intestine, right kidney and adrenal glands Region B: umbilical - small intestine Region C: Left lumbar - descendant colon, small intestine, left kidney

Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?

Region A: Right inguinal region - cecum, appendix, right ovary Region B: Hypogastric - bladder, small intestine, sigmoid and rectum, prostate Region C: Left inguinal area - ascending sigmoid colon, left ovary

Label the organs in this section. What kind of plane is this?

``` Transverse plane A - Liver B - Stomach C - Mesentery - folded membrane that holds intestines to the abdominal wall D - Spleen E - L kidney F - Vertebra G - Inferior vena cava H - vertebral canal I - abdominal muscles J - aorta ```

What is this structure? What region is it in?

Appendix R inguinal

What is this structure? What cavity is it located in?

Thymus mediastinum

What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in? What function does it have?

Cecum R inguinal removes liquids from digested material

What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?

Ascending colon Right lumbar

What is this structure? What abodminopelvic region is it located in?

Transverse colon epigastric

What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?

Descending colon L lumbar

What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?

sigmoid colon hypogastric region

What is this structure? What abdoninopelvic region is it located in?

Gallbladder R hypochondriac region

What is this structure?

Thyroid gland | It is NOT located in mediastinum

What is this structure?

Larynx

What is this structure? What cavity is it located in?

Trachea Mediastinum

What is this structure?

Bronchi

What is a serous membrane and what is its function> What are the names of the membrane based on its location?

think double layered membranes that cover the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities as well as the walls of the thorax and abdomen to reduce friction visceral - surrounds the organs parietal - on the walls lungs - pleura heart - pericardium peritoneum - abdomen

What is retroperitoneal mean and what does it consist of?

describes organs that are not surrounded by peritoneum, but posterior to it includes: kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon and the inferior vena cava