Chapter 1 Flashcards
head (face and skull)
head = cephalic face = facial skull = cranial
forehead, temple, eye
forehead = frontal temple = temporal eye = optic
ear, cheek, nose, mouth, chin
ear = otic cheek = buccal nose = nasal mouth = oral chin = mental
neck, chest, breast bone, breast
neck = cervical
chest = thoracic
breast bone = sternal
breast = mammary
armpit, arm, front of elbow, back of elbow
armpit = axillary
arm = brachial
front of elbow = antecubital
back of elbow = cubital
forearm, wrist, palm, fingers
forearm = antebrachial wrist = carpal palm = palmar/volar fingers = digital or phalangeal
hand, thumb, back of hand
hand = manual
thumb = pollex
back of hand = dorsum
abdomen, pelvis, navel, hip
abdomen = abdominal pelvis = pelvic navel = umbilical hip = coxal
thigh, knee, leg (shin)
thigh = femoral
knee = patellar
leg (shin) = crural
ankle, foot, toes, top of foot, big toe
ankle = tarsal toes = digital or phalangeal foot = pedal top of foot = dorsum big toe = hallux
sole of foot, heel
sole of foot = plantar
heel = calcaneal
calf, hollow behind knee, anus/external genitalia
calf = sural
hollow behind knee = popliteal
anus/external genitalia = perineal
buttock, area between hips, loin (lower back)
buttock = gluteal
area between hips = sacral
loin (lower back) = lumbar
spinal column, shoulder blade, base of skull
spinal column = vertebral
shoulder blade = scapular
base of skull = occipital
superior vs inferior
superior - toward the head
inferior - away from the head
anterior and posterior
anterior - near/front of body
posterior - near/back of body
medial vs lateral
medial - towards midline
ventral - away from midline
ipsilateral, contralateral and intermediate
ipsilateral - on the same side of the body
contralateral - on the other side of the body
intermediate - in between two structures
proximal vs distal
USE ONLY FOR LIMBS, NO SUP/INF
proximal - closer to the base of the trunk
distal - further away from the trunk
superficial vs deep
superficial = near the surface of the body deep = away from the surface of the body
What are the planes in this picture?
sagittal - into L and R regions. mid - down midline, para = unequal splits
frontal - plane creates anterior and posterior sections
transverse - plane creates inferior and superior sections
oblique - anything that is not cut at a 90* angle
describe the dorsal cavity
cranial cavity: contains the cranial bones and brain
vertebral cavity: contains the vertebral column, spinal cords and the beginning of spinal nerves
define the following three and where you would find them: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
all three are serous membranes that reduce friction of organs
- visceral: lines the organs
- parietal: lines the cavity
Pleura: lines the lungs and pleural cavity surrounding the lungs of the thoracic cavity
Pericardium: lines the heart and the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart in the thoracic cavity
peritoneum: lines many of the abdominal organs
- retroperitoneal: designation that certain organs get because they are not surrounding by peritoneum, but are posterior to an organ that is
What is this cavity as a whole? Describe cavity A, B and C.
Thoracic cavity
Cavity A: mediastinum - central portion of the cavity between the lungs
- extends from sternum to vertebral column, 1st rib to diaphragm
- contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea
Cavity B: pericardial cavity - potential space of pericardium that surrounds the heart
Cavity C: pleural cavity - potential space of pleura that surrounds the lungs
describe the abdominopelvic cavity. what separates it from the thoracic cavity?
separated by diaphragm
abdominal cavity: contains stomach, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, most of large intestine
- serous membrane: peritoneum
pelvic cavity: contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, internal organs of reproduction
what are the 4 lines that separate the abdominopelvic regions?
horizontal lines:
A. Subcostal - superior
B. transtubercular - inferior
vertical lines:
midclavicular lines - L and R
Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?
Region A: Right hypochondriac region - liver, hepatic part of large intestine
Region B: Epigastric - stomach, liver, transverse colon
Region C: Left hypochondriac region - spleen, part of stomach
Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?
Region A: Right lumbar - ascendant large intestine, small intestine, right kidney and adrenal glands
Region B: umbilical - small intestine
Region C: Left lumbar - descendant colon, small intestine, left kidney
Name each of these regions. What organs does each region contain?
Region A: Right inguinal region - cecum, appendix, right ovary
Region B: Hypogastric - bladder, small intestine, sigmoid and rectum, prostate
Region C: Left inguinal area - ascending sigmoid colon, left ovary
Label the organs in this section. What kind of plane is this?
Transverse plane A - Liver B - Stomach C - Mesentery - folded membrane that holds intestines to the abdominal wall D - Spleen E - L kidney F - Vertebra G - Inferior vena cava H - vertebral canal I - abdominal muscles J - aorta
What is this structure? What region is it in?
Appendix
R inguinal
What is this structure? What cavity is it located in?
Thymus
mediastinum
What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in? What function does it have?
Cecum
R inguinal
removes liquids from digested material
What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?
Ascending colon
Right lumbar
What is this structure? What abodminopelvic region is it located in?
Transverse colon
epigastric
What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?
Descending colon
L lumbar
What is this structure? What abdominopelvic region is it located in?
sigmoid colon
hypogastric region
What is this structure? What abdoninopelvic region is it located in?
Gallbladder
R hypochondriac region
What is this structure?
Thyroid gland
It is NOT located in mediastinum
What is this structure?
Larynx
What is this structure? What cavity is it located in?
Trachea
Mediastinum
What is this structure?
Bronchi
What is a serous membrane and what is its function> What are the names of the membrane based on its location?
think double layered membranes that cover the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities as well as the walls of the thorax and abdomen to reduce friction
visceral - surrounds the organs
parietal - on the walls
lungs - pleura
heart - pericardium
peritoneum - abdomen
What is retroperitoneal mean and what does it consist of?
describes organs that are not surrounded by peritoneum, but posterior to it
includes: kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon and the inferior vena cava
