Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PAS 531 > Lab Testing > Flashcards

Lab Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability of test to give positive result when what entity is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Specificity

A

Ability of test to give negative result if entity tested not present (lack of false positives)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Positive predictive value

A

Ratio of pts truly truly diagnosed as positive test results. Ratio shows how likely it is to get a true positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Negative predictive value

A

Ratio of pts who do not have disease compared to those that tested negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tested in CBC

A

Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
RBC
RBC indicies (mean corpuscular volume, hgb, hgb concentration)
RBC width
WBC differential
Platelet count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemoglobin makeup

A

mostly 2alpha and 2 beta chains
4 globin
4 heme
Iron in heme for O2 transportation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hematocrit

A

Ratio of red cell volume to whole blood.
Expressed as percentage.
Indirect measure of RBC number and volume.
Found using centrifuge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rule of three

A

3 x hgb = hct
hgb/3 = rbc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RBC indicies

A

Mean corpuscular volume
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mean corpuscular volume

A

Average volume of a cell.
MCV = hct x 10
Normocitic = 80-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anemia with low corpuscular volume cause

A

Iron deficeincy
Lead poisoning
Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anemia with normal mean corpuscular volume cause

A

Bleeding
Hemolysis
Marrow failure
From renal or liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anemia with high mean corpuscular volume

A

B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

A

Measure of avg concentration or percentage of hemoglobin in single rbc
Hgbx100/hct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RBC distribution width (RDW)

A

Shows variation in RBC size
Useful in classifying anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal WBC count

A

4000-11000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bacterial infection WBC

A

Increased neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Viral infection WBC

A

Increased lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Allergies/parasites WBC

A

Increased eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TB WBC

A

Increased monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant granulocyte
3 lobed nucleus
Phagocytic
Bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Band

A

Immature neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Second most abundant WBC
T and B cells
Chronic bacterial infections
Viral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eosinophils

A

Bilobed nucleus
Release cytokines and histamine in allergic response, parasitic infection, and drug interactions
NO response in bacterial or virals
Phagocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Basophils (mast cells)

A

Allergic reaction
Phagocytic
IgE initiate degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Monocyte

A

Largest WBC
Phagocytic
Removes debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Left shift

A

Increase in bands (immature neutrophils)
Associated with bacterial process or tissue necrosis.

30
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

High platelets

31
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelets

32
Q

Reticulocyte

A

Immature RBC

33
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A

Rate red cells settle out from plasma
Elevated in inflammation

34
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Acute phase recant protein used to show inflammation

35
Q

Aldosterone

A

Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb Na
Raises Na
Lowers K

36
Q

Natriuretic hormone

A

Increases renal loss of Na
Lowers Na

37
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Makes kidney reabsorb water in kidneys.
Raises Na

38
Q

regular Na level

A

135-145

39
Q

Hypernatremic

A

High Na

40
Q

Hyponatremic

A

Low Na

41
Q

Potassium

A

Important in electrical potential especially in muscle.
No reabsorption from kidneys so must be in diet regularly.
Minor changes are big deal

42
Q

K normal range

A

3.5-5

43
Q

Hyperkalemic

A

High potassium

44
Q

Hypokalemic

A

Low potassium

45
Q

Chloride

A

Follows Na to balance charge.

46
Q

Normal Cl

A

95-105

47
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Measure of CO2 in blood
Venous blood not that accurate

48
Q

Normal bicarbonate

A

22-30

49
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Measurement of renal function and glomelular filtration rate.
Measurement of liver function.
Urea formed in liver from metabolism then kidney filters
Effected by protein intake and hydration

50
Q

Normal BUN

A

7-20

51
Q

Creatinine

A

Directly proportional to kidney function.
Nothing to do with liver
Skeletal muscle biproduct

52
Q

Normal creatininie

A

0.6-1.2

53
Q

Normal glucose level

A

70-100

54
Q

Normal Ca

A

8.5-10.2

55
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

High calcium

56
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Low calcium

57
Q

Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)

A

Albumin
Total protein
ALP
ALT
AST
Bilirubin

58
Q

Albumin

A

Help with osmotic pressure (keeps fluid in vessels)
Can be measured to check liver function

59
Q

Globulin

A

Non-albumin proteins.

60
Q

Total protein

A

Albumin + globulin in serum

61
Q

Alkaline phosphatase

A

Found in liver, biliary tract, epithelium, bone.
In kipffer cellls.
Raised when there is damage to liver or bone.

62
Q

Alanine aminotransferase (ALP or SGPT)

A

In liver.
Elevation causes release of hepatocellular enzyme into blood.

63
Q

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

A

Found in liver.
Amount of AST elevation shows number of cells affected by injury or disease

64
Q

AST/ALT ratio

A

greater than one shows alcoholic cirrhosis, liver congestion, lliver tumor.
Less than one shows hepatitis or mononucleosis

65
Q

Bilirubin

A

In bile.
Measured to find jaundice

66
Q

Specific gravity

A

Measure of concentration of urine.
Higher means less hydrated

67
Q

What if found in urine indicates UTI

A

Leukocytes
Nitrite

68
Q

Ketone in urine

A

Inadequate carb intake
Starvation
Severe exercise
Vomitine

69
Q

Bilirubin in urine

A

Suggests disease affecting bilirubin metabolism after conjugation or defects in excretion

70
Q
A

PAS 531 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions