EENT Pharm Flashcards
Carbamide peroxide MOA
Softens cerumen with urea and H202
Acetic acid
Isoprpyl alcohol
Swimear
Drying agents for ear for external ear infections
Topical otic floroquinolones MOA
-Floxacin
Bind topoisomerase causing break in DNA and cell death
Topical otic neomycin MOA
Aminoglycoside
inds to 30s so 50s can’t bind and causes misreading
Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone
Fluocinolone
Topical corticosteroids
Regulate gene expression decreasing inflammatory mediators and increasing anti-inflammatory.
AVOID ciral and fungal infections
Deiphehydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Mecizine
Antihistamines for ear
Scopolamine
Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic for ear
Oxymetazolline
Phenylephrine
Synephrine
Intranasal decongestants that bind to alpha-1 receptors in nasal passage causing vasoconstriction and opening of nasal passage.
NEVER more than 3 days
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine
Systemic decongestants
Bind to alpha-1 in nasal passage causing vasal constriction and opening of the nasal passage.
Pseudophed is behind the counter
Chlorpheniramine
Fexofenadine (allegra)
Loratadine (claratin)
Desloratidine
Cetrizine (zyrtec)
Levocetirizine
2nd gen systemic antihstamines used in nose
Azelastine
Olopatadine
Antihistamine nasal spray
Budesonide
Fluticasaone
Mometasone
Triamcinolone
Azelastine/fluticasone
Corticosteroid nasal spray.
Bind to nucleus and regulate inflammatory mediators
Cromolyn
Mast cell stabilizer nasal spray
Takes days to reach peak effect
Ipratropium
Anticholinergic nasal spray used for rhinorrhea
Montelukast
Leukotriene inhibitor
Blocks LTD4 receptor on mast cell
Could elevate LFT
Neuropsych concern for kids.
-cyclovir
Docosanol MOA
Triphosphated and inserted into viral DNA
Triamcinolone paste
Dexamethasone
Topical steroids for mouth and throat
Azoles MOA
Inhibit fungal CYP450
Nystatin MOA
Binds to sterols in membrane forming channels.
Used in oral cadidiasis
Chlorhexidine
Topical abx used in ginigivitis and periodontitis
Positively charged, binds to negative cel wall causing rupture
Ocular decongestant
Phenylephrine
Naphazoline
Tetrahydrozoline
Ocular decongestant MOA
Alpha-1 agonist causing vasoconstriction of eye vessels
Phenylephrine AE
Pupil dilation
H-1 antagonist antihistamine eye
Alcaftadine
Azelastine
Ketotifen
Olopatadine
OTC antihistamine eye drops
Ketotifen
Olopatadine
alcaftadine
Mast cell stabilizers
Cromolyn
Lodoxamide
Nedocromil
Take days or week to peak
When to use opthalmic glucocorti oids
Cataracts
Secondary infection
Secondary open-angle glaucoma
Increase IOP
NSAIDs
Flurbiprofen
Ketorolac
Diclofenac
Bromfenac
Nepafenac
Block COX1 and COX2
What does flurbiprofen do for the eye
Blocks unwanted intraoperative miosis in cateract surgery
When to use ketorolac
Seasonal allergies
When to use diclofenac
Inflammation and pain
When to use bromfenac and nepafenac
Post-op pain after cataract surgery
When to use ketorolac and diclofenac
Macular edema agter cataract surgery
Carbachole
Pilocarpine
Cholinergic agonist
Used to cause miosis in surgery
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide
Muscarinic antagonist causing pupil dilation
Pegcetaclopan
Acacincaptad pegol
Complement protein inhibitors
Used in dry age related macular degeneration
Veteporfin
Pegaptanib
Afilbercept
-cizumab
Anti-VEGF
Used in wet age related macular degeneration
Cyclosporin
Immunosuppressant
Inhibits calcineurin , inhibiting T cell activation.
Used in dry eye disease
Lifitegrast
Immunosuppressant
Binds to LFA-1 from binding to ICAM-1 stopping activation of T cell.
Used in dry eye disease
Beta blockers
-olol
Decrease production of aqueous humor in glaucoma.
Timolol not selective
Betaxolol selective for beta-1
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-zolamide
No hydrogen for H+ pump to secrete aqueous humor in glaucoma.
NOT for sulfa allergy
Alpha-2 antagonist
-nidine
Glaucoma
Netarsudil
Rock inhibitor
Glaucoma
Prostaglandins
-prost
PGF2 alpha analogs increase interstitial space allowing for aquesous outflow decreasing IOP in glaucoma
