Endocrine Labs

Question 1

Normal fasting gluscose

Answer 1

<100

Question 2

Diabetic fasting glucose

Answer 2

> 125

Question 3

Impaired glucose tolerance fasting glucose

Answer 3

between 100 and 125

Question 4

A1C normal range

Answer 4

4.0-5.6

Question 5

What can make A1C inappropriately low

Answer 5

Hemolysis
Blood transfusion
Blood loss
Vitamin C
Aspirin
Splenomegaly
Hypertriglyceridemia

Question 6

What can make A1C inappropriately high

Answer 6

Iron deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Alcohol
Uremia
Hyperbilirubinemia
Splenectomy

Question 7

Fructosamine

Answer 7

Measures glycemia over last two weeks
200-285
Good alternative if A1C isn’t accurate

Question 8

Most sensitive and specific test for autimmune diabetes

Answer 8

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD60)

Question 9

Albumin-creatinine ratio

Answer 9

Assesses inappropriate protein loss through kidneys

Question 10

How to test for urine ketones

Answer 10

Color changing paper
Color decided by acetoacetate

Question 11

How to test for serum ketones

Answer 11

Dilution with acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate
1:8 dilution is positive for ketonemia

Question 12

Normal beta hydroxybutyrate

Answer 12

(0.4-0.5)

Question 13

beta hydroxybutyrate less than 0.4mmol/L

Answer 13

DKA

Question 14

Normal TSH range

Answer 14

0.5-5.0

Question 15

Normal free T3 range

Answer 15

2.3-4.1 pg/mL
More unstable so harder to measure in free form

Question 16

Normal free T4 range

Answer 16

0.8-1.8 ng/fL

Question 17

Thyroid binding globulin range

Answer 17

1.1-2.1 mg/dL
Carries T4 and T3 to targets

Question 18

Thyroglobulin range

Answer 18

3-40 ng/mL

Question 19

Thyroglobulin

Answer 19

Sotred in follicular coolloid
Monitors thyroid cancer recurrence

Question 20

Thyroglobulin antibodies

Answer 20

Hashimotos thyroiditis
Grave’s disease

Question 21

Thyroid peroxidase antibodies

Answer 21

Directed against enzyme needed for iodination of thyroid hormone
Found in hashimotos and graves

Question 22

TSH receptor antibodies

Answer 22

Stimulate or inhibit thyroid function
Found in graves disease

Question 23

What is measured to monitor thyroid cancer

Answer 23

Thyroglobulin/thyroglobulin antibodies
Calcitonin

Question 24

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 24

No ADH
Patient is dehydrated bc peeing dilute urine all the time
Urine osmolality is low and serum osmolality is high

Question 25

Normal urine osmolality

Answer 25

50-1200

Question 26

Nromal serum osmolality

Answer 26

275-295

Question 27

SIADH

Answer 27

Making too much ADH Urine osmolality >100 Urine sodium >30

Question 28

Test for SIADH

Answer 28

Water loading and measuring urine and serum osmolality

Question 29

Test for diabetes insipidus

Answer 29

Water deprivation study

Question 30

Oxytocin

Answer 30

Unbound polypeptide from post pit

Question 31

Prolactin

Answer 31

<20 in men <25 in women controls lactation (lactotroph) Inhibits dopamine

Question 32

Human growth hormone

Answer 32

Growth Low levels Somatotroph

Question 33

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)

Answer 33

Marker for growth hormone We measure this not GH

Question 34

Elevated GH

Answer 34

Gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

Question 35

What to do if IGF-1 is high

Answer 35

Oral glucose suppression and then remeasure.

Question 36

What to do if growth hormone is low

Answer 36

Arginine stimulation test. Stimulates release of growth hormone and samples collected every thirty minutes for two hours

Question 37

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 37

Acts on adrenal gland to release cortisol

Question 38

Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 38

Stimulates sertoli cells to make sperm and inhibin Stimulates follicle growth

Question 39

Lutenizing hormone

Answer 39

Stimulates leydig cells of testes to secrete androgen Stimulates ovulation

Question 40

What usually comes with hyperaldosteronism

Answer 40

Hypertension, hypokalemia, decreased renal perfusino, fluid overload Elevated aldosterone to renin ratio

Question 41

Cortisol

Answer 41

Regulated by ACTH from ant pit Highest in morning Stress

Question 42

24 hr urinary cortisol

Answer 42

Good test to get levels without worrying about diurnal variations

Question 43

Dexmethasone suppression test

Answer 43

Used to decide if Cortisol is th problem or if it is CRH or ACTH

Question 44

Catecholemines

Answer 44

Dopamine, epi, norepi Made in adrenal madulla

Question 45

Perferred test for neuroendocrine tumors

Answer 45

Plasma free metanephrines and normetanephrines

Question 46

Normal calcium range

Answer 46

8.5-10.2

Question 47

Corrected calcium

Answer 47

Normal (albumin - paientalbumin) x 0.8 + serum calcium

Question 48

Ionized calcium regular range

Answer 48

4.8-5.3

Question 49

Parathyroid hormone normal range

Answer 49

14-65 Regulates ionized calcium

Question 50

Vitamin D

Answer 50

Fat soluble vitamin needed for calcium absorption

Question 51

Vitamin D2

Answer 51

ergocalciferol from plants

Question 52

VitaminD3

Answer 52

Cholecalciferol from animal source or UV light

Question 53

Normal testosterone levles

Answer 53

Men 200-1000 Women (15-70)