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PAS 531 > Endocrine Labs > Flashcards

Endocrine Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Normal fasting gluscose

A

<100

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2
Q

Diabetic fasting glucose

A

> 125

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3
Q

Impaired glucose tolerance fasting glucose

A

between 100 and 125

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4
Q

A1C normal range

A

4.0-5.6

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5
Q

What can make A1C inappropriately low

A

Hemolysis
Blood transfusion
Blood loss
Vitamin C
Aspirin
Splenomegaly
Hypertriglyceridemia

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6
Q

What can make A1C inappropriately low

A

Iron deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Alcohol
Uremia
Hyperbilirubinemia
Splenectomy

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7
Q

Fructosamine

A

Measures glycemia over last two weeks
200-285
Good alternative if A1C isn’t accurate

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8
Q

Most sensitive and specific test for autimmune diabetes

A

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD60)

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9
Q

Albumin-creatinine ratio

A

Assesses inappropriate protein loss through kidneys

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10
Q

How to test for urine ketones

A

Color changing paper
Color decided by acetoacetate

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11
Q

How to test for serum ketones

A

Dilution with acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate
1:8 dilution is positive for ketonemia

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12
Q

Normal beta hydroxybutyrate

A

(0.4-0.5)

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13
Q

beta hydroxybutyrate less than 0.4mmol/L

A

DKA

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14
Q

Normal TSH range

A

0.5-5.0

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15
Q

Normal free T3 range

A

2.3-4.1 pg/mL
More unstable so harder to measure in free form

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16
Q

Normal free T4 range

A

0.8-1.8 ng/fL

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17
Q

Thyroid binding globulin range

A

1.1-2.1 mg/dL
Carries T4 and T3 to targets

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18
Q

Thyroglobulin range

A

3-40 ng/mL

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19
Q

Thyroglobulin

A

Sotred in follicular coolloid
Monitors thyroid cancer recurrence

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20
Q

Thyroglobulin antibodies

A

Hashimotos thyroiditis
Grave’s disease

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21
Q

Thyroid peroxidase antibodies

A

Directed against enzyme needed for iodination of thyroid hormone
Found in hashimotos and graves

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22
Q

TSH receptor antibodies

A

Stimulate or inhibit thyroid function
Found in graves disease

23
Q

What is measured to monitor thyroid cancer

A

Thyroglobulin/thyroglobulin antibodies
Calcitonin

24
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

No ADH
Patient is dehydrated bc peeing dilute urine all the time
Urine osmolality is low and serum osmolality is high

25
Q

Normal urine osmolality

A

50-1200

26
Q

Nromal serum osmolality

A

275-295

27
Q

SIADH

A

Making too much ADH
Urine osmolality >100
Urine sodium >30

28
Q

Test for SIADH

A

Water loading and measuring urine and serum osmolality

29
Q

Test for diabetes insipidus

A

Water deprivation study

30
Q

Oxytocin

A

Unbound polypeptide from post pit

31
Q

Prolactin

A

<20 in men
<25 in women
controls lactation (lactotroph)
Inhibits dopamine

32
Q

Human growth hormone

A

Growth
Low levels
Somatotroph

33
Q

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)

A

Marker for growth hormone
We measure this not GH

34
Q

Elevated GH

A

Gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

35
Q

What to do if IGF-1 is high

A

Oral glucose suppression and then remeasure.

36
Q

What to do if growth hormone is low

A

Arginine stimulation test.
Stimulates release of growth hormone and samples collected every thirty minutes for two hours

37
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Acts on adrenal gland to release cortisol

38
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates sertoli cells to make sperm and inhibin
Stimulates follicle growth

39
Q

Lutenizing hormone

A

Stimulates leydig cells of testes to secrete androgen
Stimulates ovulation

40
Q

What usually comes with hyperaldosteronism

A

Hypertension, hypokalemia, decreased renal perfusino, fluid overload
Elevated aldosterone to renin ratio

41
Q

Cortisol

A

Regulated by ACTH from ant pit
Highest in morning
Stress

42
Q

24 hr urinary cortisol

A

Good test to get levels without worrying about diurnal variations

43
Q

Dexmethasone suppression test

A

Used to decide if Cortisol is th problem or if it is CRH or ACTH

44
Q

Catecholemines

A

Dopamine, epi, norepi
Made in adrenal madulla

45
Q

Perferred test for neuroendocrine tumors

A

Plasma free metanephrines and normetanephrines

46
Q

Normal calcium range

A

8.5-10.2

47
Q

Corrected calcium

A

Normal (albumin - paientalbumin) x 0.8 + serum calcium

48
Q

Ionized calcium regular range

A

4.8-5.3

49
Q

Parathyroid hormone normal range

A

14-65
Regulates ionized calcium

50
Q

Vitamin D

A

Fat soluble vitamin needed for calcium absorption

51
Q

Vitamin D2

A

ergocalciferol from plants

52
Q

VitaminD3

A

Cholecalciferol from animal source or UV light

53
Q

Normal testosterone levles

A

Men 200-1000
Women (15-70)

PAS 531 (10 decks)

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