Lab test 2: 30 Flashcards
What is the function of the fluid that fills the pericardial sack
Allows the heart to beat in a relatively frictionless environment
Location of the heart in the thorax
mediastinum
Superior heart chambers
Atria
Inferior heart chambers
Ventricles
Visceral pericardium
Endocardium
recieving chambers of the heart
Atria
Equals cardiac muscle
myocardium
Lining of the heart chambers
endocardium
Actual “pumps” of the heart
myocardium
Drains blood into the right atrium
Coronary sinus
What is the function of the valves found in the heart
Enforce a one way blood blow. Prevent back flow
What is the role of the chordae tendinae
Anchor the cusps to the ventricular wals
What is missing from the diagram
Pulmonary circulation
First diagram
Pulmonary circulation
Second diagram
Systemic circulation
Differntiate clearly between the roles of the pulmonary and systemic circulations
Pulmonary circulation provides gas exchange in the lungs. Systemic circulation provides the functional blood supply to all body tissues
If the mitral valve does not close properly, which circulation is affected
Pulmonary circulation
Why might a thrombus (blood clot) in the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery cause sudden death
A thrombus in the coronary artery can cut off the blood supply to the heart, resulting in rapid beath
How would you distinguish a structure of cardiac muscle from that of skeletal muscle
Skeletal is long, cylindrical multinucleated cells that have obvious striations
Cardiac muscle are branched, striated, unnucleated cells that connect at junctions
Unique anatomical features of cardiac muscles
Intercalated discs hold cells together so they do not pull apart when the heart contracts and allow electrical connection between cells.
Many mitochondria that provide the energy required for contraction
What differences did you observe between the two chambers (LV and RV)
LV felt thick and solid. Right felt thinner, easily moved and flabby
Which ventricle was thicker
Left ventricle
How would you say the structural difference between the LV and RV reflects the relative functions of these two heart chambers
There is a greater demand on the longer systemic circulation (LV) and has higher restistance than the pulmonary circulation (RV)
Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the _______: mitral and trisuspud valves prevent backflow into the ______
Ventricles
Atria
Explain how the operation of the semilunar valves differs from that of mitral and tricuspid valves
The mitral valve allows blood to flow from the LA to the LV. Tricuspid valve stops backflow between the two. Semilunar valves permit blood to be forced into the arteries but prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into ventricles
Compare and contrast the structure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
Mitral: 2 flaps
Tricuspid: 3
Ligamentum anteriosum
- name in fetal heart
- location
- common purpose
- ductus anteriosus
- located between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch
-allows blood to flow from pulmonary trunk to systemic circulation
Fossa ovalis
- name in fetal heart
- location
- common purpose
- Foramen ovale
- on right atrium wall
- allowed blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium
