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BIO121 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

The negative exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

A

PH

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2
Q

A substance that dissacociates to release hydroxide ions or to remove hydrogen ions, increasing ph

A

Base

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3
Q

A solution with a pH of 7

A

Neutral

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4
Q

A substance that tends to oppose changes in the pH of a solution by removing or replacing hydrogen ions

A

Buffer

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5
Q

A solution with a pH above 7

A

Basic or alkaline

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6
Q

A substance that disassociates to release hydrogen ions, decreasing pH

A

Acid

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7
Q

An ionic compound consisting of a cation other than a hydrogen ion and an anion other than a hydroxide ion

A

Salt

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8
Q

A solution with a pH below 7

A

Acidic

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9
Q

T OR F. Metabolic acidosis develops when large numbers of hydrogen ions are removed from body fluids, resulting in an increase in pH

A

False

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10
Q

T OR F. Proteins are the most abundant solid components of body mass

A

True

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11
Q

T OR F. About half of daily water loss occurs through evaporation at the lungs

A

False

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12
Q

T OR F. Respiratory alkalosis can be treated by simply having the person breathe in and out of a paper bag

A

True

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13
Q

T OR F. Hypokalemia is caused by inadequate aldosterone secretion

A

False

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14
Q

T OR F. Iron is classified as a bulk mineral

A

False

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15
Q

T OR F. Carbonic acid is a volatile acid that forms through the interaction of water and carbon dioxide

A

True

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16
Q

T OR F. The pH of ECF normally ranges from 7.0 to 7.30

A

False

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17
Q

T OR F. The total body composition of adult males is 60 percent water and 40 percent solids, while for females total body composition is 50 percent water and 50 percent solids

A

True

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18
Q

T OR F. About 98 percent of the potassium content of the human body is in the ICF rather than the ECF

A

True

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19
Q

Monitor blood osmotic concentration

A

Osmoreceptors

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20
Q

Water gain equals water loss

A

Fluid balance

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21
Q

Major components of EFC

A

Plasma, intestinal fluid

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22
Q

Dominant cation in the ECF

A

Sodium

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23
Q

Hormone that restricts water loss and stimulates thirst

A

ADH

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24
Q

Caused by over hydration

A

Hyponatzemia

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25
Q

Dominant cations in ICF

A

Potassium

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26
Q

ICF and ECF

A

Fluid compartments

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27
Q

Most important sites of sodium ion regulation

A

Kidneys

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28
Q

Water movement between ECF AND ICF

A

Fluid shift

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29
Q

Water moves from cells into ECF

A

Hypertonic blood plasma

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30
Q

Result of aldosteronism

A

Hypokalemia

31
Q

Water loses greater than water gains

A

Dehydration

32
Q

Regulates sodium ion absorption along distal consulates tubule and collecting system

A

Aldosterone

33
Q

Nearly two thirds of the total body water content is

A

ICF

34
Q

Electrolyte balance involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the

A

Kidneys and sweat glands

35
Q

If the ECF is hypertonic with respect to the ICF water will move

A

From cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored

36
Q

When pure water is consumed the ECF

A

Becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF

37
Q

Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance are mediated primarily by

A

All of the above

38
Q

When water is lost but electrolytes are retained the osmolarity of the ECF rises and osmosis then moves water

A

Out of the ICF and into the ECF

39
Q

T OR F. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, uterers, urniary bladder and urethra

A

False

40
Q

T OR F. The left kidney lies slightly superior to the right kidney

A

True

41
Q

T OR F. Most nephrons are cortical nephrons

A

True

42
Q

T OR F. Tubular fluid is no longer modified beyond the DCT

A

False

43
Q

T OR F. Contraction of the detrusor muscle moves urine along the uterers towards the urinary bladder

A

False

44
Q

T OR F. The process of urination is coordinated by the micturition relfex

A

True

45
Q

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the

A

Nephron

46
Q

When ADH levels increase

A

the amount of water reabsorbed increases

47
Q

Which of the following conditions would cause an increase in the glomecular filtration rate

A

constriction of the efferent arteriole

48
Q

Which of the following statements describes the action of aldosterone at the DCT

A

Sodium ions are reabsorbed in exchange for potassium ions by ion pump stimulated by aldosterone

49
Q

Water reabsorption occurs primarily along the

A

PCT and descending limb of the nephron loop

50
Q

In central regulation, GFR is coordinated by the

A

juxtamedullary complex

51
Q

Site of plasma filtration

A

renal corpuscle

52
Q

Glomecular epithelium

A

podocytes

53
Q

Protein free solution

A

Filtrate

54
Q

Opposes filtration

A

BCOP

55
Q

Countercurrent multiplication

A

Nephron loop

56
Q

Water channels

A

aquaporins

57
Q

Primary method for eliminating drugs or toxins

A

Secretin

58
Q

Stimulates ion pump

A

Aldosterone

59
Q

Primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron

A

PCT

60
Q

Regulates passive reabsorption of water from the urine in the collecting system

A

ADH

61
Q

Pancreatic alpha-amylase substrate

A

Starch

62
Q

Retroperioneal organ

A

Pancreas

63
Q

Drains the liver and gallbladder

A

Common bile duct

64
Q

Bile secreting cells

A

Hepatocytes

65
Q

Viral infection of salivary glands

A

mumps

66
Q

Digestive epithelial damage by acids

A

peptic ulcer

67
Q

Process of breaking lipid droplets apart

A

emulisification

68
Q

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down complex lipids

A

Pancreatic lipase

69
Q

Organ that secretes bile

A

Liver

70
Q

Antibacterial enzyme

A

lysozyme

71
Q

Greatest producer of saliva

A

submadibular glands

72
Q

Phagocytize and store iron

A

Kupfler cells

73
Q

Stores bile

A

Galbladder

74
Q

Cholecytisis

A

Gallstones

BIO121 (14 decks)

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