LAB: Seed Plants: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Question 1

Seed Plants

Answer 1

• contain vascular tissues
• sporophyte dominant
  
  • Gymnosperms
  • Angiosperms

Question 2

Gymnosperms

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Answer 2

• are the “naked seed” plants, producing seeds that are totally exposed or on the scales of cones (rather than being enclosed in fleshy fruit)

Question 3

Kingdom Plantae (Gymnosperms)

Answer 3

• Phylum Coniferophyta - conifers
• Phylum Ginkgophyta - Ginkgoes
• Phylum Cycadophyta - cycads
• Phylum Gnetophyta - gnetophytes

Question 4

Phylum Coniferophyta

Answer 4

• most familiar of gymnosperms
• Most are cone-bearing, woody evergreens (bear leaves throughout year)
• leaves are modified into needles with a thick, waxy coat
• Monoecious - male pollen cones and female seed cones born on same plant

Question 5

Phylum Cycadophyta

(Sago Palms)

Answer 5

• are dioecious (separate sexes with female plants bearing seed cones and male plants bearing pollen cones)
• “Sago Palms”
• going endangered due to being over harvested

Question 6

Phylum Ginkgophyta

Ginkgo biloba

Answer 6

• only surviving member of the phylum
• oldest species of living trees
• is dioecious
• Unlike evergreens, ginkgoes are deciduous (shed leaves during fall)
• Increases blood flow to brain

Question 7

Phylum Gnetophyta

Ephedra

Answer 7

• includes genus Ephedra
• Is a stimulant
• Possible ancestor to angiosperms
  
  • Same water conducting cells
  • cones arranged in clusters like flower clusters

Question 8

Angiosperms

Answer 8

• referred to as flowering plants
• must abundant of all land plants
• develop a flower for sexual reproduction, producing seeds enclosed in fruit
• process of double fertilization

Question 9

Phylum Anthophyta

Answer 9

• classified into 2 clades based on cotyledons
  
  • monocots and eudicots

Question 10

Monocots

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Answer 10

• Embryo - one cotyledon
• Leaf veins - parallel
• Roots - fibrous roots
• Floral parts - ​multiples of 3

Question 11

Eudicots

Answer 11

• Embryo - two cotyledons
• Leaf veins - reticulated (net-like)
• Roots - taproot (large) present
• Floral Parts - multiples of four or five

Question 12

Flower model labeled

Answer 12

• Petal (coralla)
• Sepal (​calyx)

Question 13

Pollen grain

Answer 13

• transfer of pollen from anther to stigma is pollination
• pollen grain germinates with the tube nucleus forming a pollen tube
• the generative nucleus moves into the pollen tube and divides to form two cells, the sperm ​