LAB: Nonvascular Plants and Seedless Vascular Plants

Question 1

Kingdom Plantae

Answer 1

• Has cellulose in cell walls
• all plants follow an alternation of generations life cycle
• Under domain eukarya
• All multicellular
• Photosynthetic autotrophs

Question 2

Alternation of Generations

Answer 2

• plant possessing two stages during its life cycle
• diploid (2n) sporophyte stage (produces sporangium)
• haploid (1n) gametophyte stage (produces antheridia and archegonia)

Question 3

Phylum Bryophyta

nonvascular plants (mosses and liverworts)

Answer 3

• earliest transitional terrestrial plants
• lacks vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
• are dependent upon diffusion and osmosis
• Gametophyte dominant

Question 4

Mosses

Answer 4

• all bryophytes start as a spore
• develop into a thin filamentous stage called a protonema
• then develops into a gametophyte with root-like rhizoids
• grows by mitosis into a multicellular sporophyte
• base of sporophyte is anchored inside the archegonium by the foot with the seta (stalk) terminating in a capsule

Question 5

Phylum Monilophyta

Ferns

Answer 5

• roots and a modified stem called a rhizome located underground
• fronds ( compound leaves)
• clusters of sporangia known as sori (sorus) form on the underside of fronds
• Sporangia protected by a shield-shaped indusium
• as a spore germinates, develops into a tiny, heart-shaped gametophyte called a prothallus (anchored by rhizoids)

Question 6

Horsetails

Equisetum

Answer 6

• True roots, stem, leafs (reduced)
• Strobili - clusters of sporangia
• Spore elators - dispersal mechanism of spores

Question 7

Phylum Lycophyta

Club Mosses

Answer 7

• Specialized leafs - sporophylls
• strobili - clusters of sporangia
• mistaken for mosses
• Include Lycopodium and Selaginella (resurrection plant)
• most ancient group of vascular plants
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Question 8

Homospory vs. Heterospory

Answer 8

• Homosporous - one spore (ex. ferns, horsetail, lycopodium)
• Heterosporous - two spore (selaginella)
• Produces megaspores (produced in megasporangium)
  
  • female gametophytes that produce eggs in archegonia
• Produces microspores (produced in microsporangium)
  
  • male gametophytes that produce sperm within antheridia