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Anatomy 2 > Lab Practical 2 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Portion of the large intestine that crosses the abdominal cavity directly under the stomach.

A

Transverse Colon

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2
Q

Serosa that hangs like an apron over the intestines.

A

Greater Omentum

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3
Q

Elimination of undigested residue.

A

Defecation

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4
Q

These aid in mechanical digestion.

A

Teeth

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5
Q

A conical projection at the rear of the oral cavity.

A

Uvula

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6
Q

Salivary gland anterior to the ear.

A

Parotid Gland

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7
Q

Layer of digestive tract that contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

A

Submucosa

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8
Q

Chewing.

A

Mastication

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9
Q

Wave of contractions in the muscularis externa.

A

Peristalsis

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10
Q

Cells that secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

A

Parietal Cells

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11
Q

Ring of smooth muscle that controls the flow of chyme into the duodenum.

A

Pyloric Sphincter

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12
Q

Needed for the absorption of vitamin B12 by the small intestine.

A

Intrinsic Factor

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13
Q

Phagocytic cells in the liver.

A

Kupffer Cells

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14
Q

This synthesizes vitamin K.

A

Bacterial Flora

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15
Q

Regulates movement of bile and pancreatic juices into duodenum.

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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16
Q

Pigment responsible for the brown color of feces.

A

Urobiligen

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17
Q

Sometimes a sign of hypertension. (when your nose bleeds)

A

Epistaxis

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18
Q

Divides the nasal cavity into right and left chambers.

A

Nasal Septum

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19
Q

Nerve that innervates the diaphram.

A

Phrenic

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20
Q

Pouches of squamous cells that allow for rapid gas diffusion.

A

Alveolus

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21
Q

Nasal structure that warms and humidifies air.

A

Nasal Conchae

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22
Q

Increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of metabolic demands.

A

Hyperventilation

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23
Q

An agent that disrupts the hydrogen bonds of water and reduces surface tension.

A

Surfactant

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24
Q

These close the glottis during swallowing.

A

Vestibular Folds

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25
Q

Ventilation of the lungs.

A

Breathing

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26
Q

Mixture of thick mucus and cellular debris.

A

Sputum

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27
Q

Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet, normal breathing.

A

Tidal Volume

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28
Q

Amount of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration.

A

Residual Volume

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29
Q

Pressure enough to force a column of mercery 760 mm up an evacuated tube.

A

1 Atmosphere

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30
Q

Branches off primary bronchii into each lobe.

A

Secondary Bronchii

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31
Q

Supported by C-shaped cartilage rings.

A

Trachea and Bronchii

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32
Q

Instrument used to measure ventilation.

A

Spirometer

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33
Q

Specialist that treats both urinary and male reproduction disorders.

A

Urologist

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34
Q

A hormone secreted by kidneys that controls red blood cell count within the blood.

A

Erythropoietin

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35
Q

Condition resulting from accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the blood.

A

Azotemia

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36
Q

Opening at the end of the urethra.

A

External Urethral Orifice

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37
Q

Two or three of these converge in the kidney sinus to form the renal pelvis.

A

Major Calyx

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38
Q

The functional unit of the kidney.

A

Nephron

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39
Q

Blood vessels found in the renal columns.

A

Interlobar

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40
Q

Rounded cluster of capillaries where urine formation begins.

A

Glomerulus

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41
Q

Condition caused by the dropping down of a kidney from the upper abdominal wall.

A

Nephroptosis

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42
Q

Plays a major role in concentrating urine.

A

Nephron Loop

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43
Q

Condition where blood is found in the urine.

A

Hematuria

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44
Q

Hormone responsible for salt and water resorption that helps maintain blood volume and pressure.

A

Aldosterone

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45
Q

Pigment that gives urine its yellow color.

A

Urochrome

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46
Q

One of the major functions of the kidneys.

A

Regulate osmotic concentration.

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47
Q

Three layers of smooth muscle in the bladder.

A

Detrusor Muscle

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48
Q

Amount of filtrate formed per minute by the two kidneys combined.

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

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49
Q

Inflammation of the bladder.

A

Cysitis

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50
Q

An increased production of urine.

A

Diuresis

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51
Q

A substance that causes an increased production of urine.

A

Diuretic

52
Q

Painful or diffuculty urinating.

A

Dysuria

53
Q

A scanty output of urine.

A

Oliguria

54
Q

An excessive output of urine.

A

Polyuria

55
Q

Urinary condition with the the presence of glucose in the urine and is indicative of abnormally high blood sugar levels. It occurs in conditions such as uncontrolled DIABETES MELLITUS, in which the body cells are unable to absorb glucose from the blood. Under such circumstances, the body cells increase their metabolism of fats, and the excess spills out in the urine.

A

Glycosuria

56
Q

A urinary condition that has a presence of ketone bodies. Normally appear in urine in very small amounts, and usually indicates that abnormal metabloic processes are occuring. This condition may be caused by starvation.

A

Ketonuria

57
Q

This urinary condition may indicate various pathological conditions, including hemolytic anemias, transfusion reactions, burns, or renal diseases. It has a prescence of hemaglobin in the urine.

A

Hemoglobinuria

58
Q

This urinary condition indicates an inflammatory process in the urinary tract. Has the presence of white blood cell’s or other pus constituents in the urine.

A

Pyuria

59
Q

This urinary condition is generally indicative of an abnormally increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Pathologic conditions that may result include kidney trauma due to blows, the ingestion of heavy metals, bacterial toxins, glomerulonephritis, and hypertension. Has a prescence of albumin in urine which is an abnormal finding.

A

Albuminuria

60
Q

A urinary condition where the appearance of bilirubin in urine is an abnormal finding and most often reflects liver pathology such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.

A

Bilirubinuria

61
Q

If urine becomes excessively concentrated, some of the substances normally held in solution begin to precipitate or crystallize, forming ______ ______.

A

Kidney Stones

62
Q

A urinary condition where there is a lack of voluntary control over the external sphincter. It is normal to find in children that are under the age of two and the elderly. Pathological conditions that may lead to this condition are a result of spinal cord injury, emotional problems, and bladder irritability.

A

Incontinence

63
Q

The bone in front of the roof of your mouth.

A

Hard Pallet

64
Q

Soft tissue in the roof of your mouth in the back.

A

Soft Pallet

65
Q

They are pink and below your teeth.

A

Gums

66
Q

Section BEHIND the nose.

A

Nasopharynx

67
Q

Section BEHIND your mouth.

A

Oropharynx

68
Q

Section BEHIND your voicebox.

A

Laryngopharynx

69
Q

When the cardiac sphincter stays closed so food backs up.

A

Achalasia

70
Q

Hydrochloric acid from stomach coming up the esophagus.

A

Heart Burn

71
Q

The main cell that secretes pepsin.

A

Chief Cells

72
Q

These cells secrete mucus.

A

Goblet Cells

73
Q

White liquid from pepsin that leaves the stomach and goes to the small intestine. This is what you vomit and it tastes bitter.

A

Chyme

74
Q

The large intesine produces vitamin __. and it is what you need to produce clotting factors.

A

Vitamin K

75
Q

How long does it take your total volume of blood to cycle through your kidneys once?

A

15 minutes

76
Q

The liquid that cycles through a nephron.

A

Filtrate

77
Q

How much filtrate is cycling through a nephron per minute.

A

Filtration Rate

78
Q

Condition where biliruben is backed up in the blood. (when your skin is yellow)

A

Jaundice

79
Q

This is behind the peritoneal cavity and has NO serous fluid.

A

Retroperitoneal

80
Q

Fat that attaches to the abdominal cavity.

A

Perirenal Fat Capsul

81
Q

This is an enzyme of protease and you can find it in the stomach and it has a pH of 2 or 3.

A

Pepsin

82
Q

Ligament that attaches the tongue to the bottom of the oral cavity.

A

Frenulum

83
Q

The space between the lips and teeth.

A

Vestibule

84
Q

Condition where there in inflammation in the gums.

A

Gingivitis

85
Q

The ball you make when you cut up food and swallow it.

A

Bolus

86
Q

This connects the pharynx to the stomach, it is green with grey strings.

A

Esophagus

87
Q

This is between the esophagus and the stomach.

A

Lower esophageal spinchter

88
Q

The muscle that helps you chew.

A

Masseter Muscle

89
Q

This means swallowing.

A

Deglutition

90
Q

This is in the intestine, and it helps move food along.

A

Muscularis Externa

91
Q

Specialized lymphatic capillary in villi.

A

Lacteal

92
Q

Big bumps in the intestine.

A

Villi

93
Q

A combination of amylase, protease, and lipase.

A

Pancreatic Juice

94
Q

This is an anti-acid , it neutralizes acid and brings pH back to 7.4.

A

Bicarbonate

95
Q

Bile helps break down ___.

A

Fat

96
Q

Bile that is crystalized and enlarged.

A

Gallstones

97
Q

Pockets in the colon.

A

Haustra

98
Q

Condition where you cannot defecate, it is large masses in the colon that dont have water.

A

Constipation.

99
Q

A condition where the movement of stuff in the colon is too fast and can’t absorb water.

A

Dirrharia

100
Q

Seeds that get trapped in the colon and cause an infection.

A

Diverticulitis

101
Q

Condition where the appendix becomes inflamed.

A

Appendicitis

102
Q

This is part of the male reproductive system.

A

Urogenatal

103
Q

This concentrates urine and is below tubule.

A

Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle)

104
Q

Gas exchange between the blood and lungs.

A

External Respiration

105
Q

Substance that cuts down surface tension so it can open again.

A

Surfactant

106
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

107
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

108
Q

_______ causes bronchial constriction.

A

Histamine

109
Q

Surrounds the lungs (covers), and secretes serous fluid.

A

Visceral Pleura

110
Q

Lines the cavity and secretes serous fluid in the lungs.

A

Parietal Pleura

111
Q

These come off the bronchii, have no cartilage only smooth muscle, and controls the airflow to avelous.

A

Bronchioles

112
Q

The tidal volume + expiratory reserve + inspiratory reserve =

A

Vital Capacity

113
Q

Cartilage that protects the larynx.

A

Cricoid Cartilage

114
Q

This is also known as your adams apple, it is shaped like a crest.

A

Laryngeal Prominence

115
Q

The chanel between the middle ear and the back of the throat.

A

Auditory Tube

116
Q

This cartilage is on both sides of the larynx.

A

Thyroid Cartilage

117
Q

Cartilage rings that help keep the trachea open.

A

Tracheal Cartilage Rings

118
Q

The lungs rest on this….

A

Diaphram

119
Q

The sinuses are lined with ____ to warm and moisten air.

A

Mucus

120
Q

How many breaths you take in a minute. You can slow it down or speed it up.

A

Respiratory Rate OR Minute Ventilation

121
Q

What are the little grooves between conchas and gets moist?

A

Meatuses

122
Q

Blood brings _____.

A

Heat

123
Q

______ moistens the air.

A

Mucus

124
Q

The ratio of the weight of something to the weight of an equal volume of pure water.

A

Specific Gravity

125
Q

What is water’s specific gravity? (#)

A

1.000

126
Q

Normal urine should have a specific gravity of ____ to ____. (#)

A

1.003- 1.035

Anatomy 2 (6 decks)

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