Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Portion of the large intestine that crosses the abdominal cavity directly under the stomach.
A
Transverse Colon
2
Q
Serosa that hangs like an apron over the intestines.
A
Greater Omentum
3
Q
Elimination of undigested residue.
A
Defecation
4
Q
These aid in mechanical digestion.
A
Teeth
5
Q
A conical projection at the rear of the oral cavity.
A
Uvula
6
Q
Salivary gland anterior to the ear.
A
Parotid Gland
7
Q
Layer of digestive tract that contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.
A
Submucosa
8
Q
Chewing.
A
Mastication
9
Q
Wave of contractions in the muscularis externa.
A
Peristalsis
10
Q
Cells that secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
A
Parietal Cells
11
Q
Ring of smooth muscle that controls the flow of chyme into the duodenum.
A
Pyloric Sphincter
12
Q
Needed for the absorption of vitamin B12 by the small intestine.
A
Intrinsic Factor
13
Q
Phagocytic cells in the liver.
A
Kupffer Cells
14
Q
This synthesizes vitamin K.
A
Bacterial Flora
15
Q
Regulates movement of bile and pancreatic juices into duodenum.
A
Sphincter of Oddi
16
Q
Pigment responsible for the brown color of feces.
A
Urobiligen
17
Q
Sometimes a sign of hypertension. (when your nose bleeds)
A
Epistaxis
18
Q
Divides the nasal cavity into right and left chambers.
A
Nasal Septum
19
Q
Nerve that innervates the diaphram.
A
Phrenic
20
Q
Pouches of squamous cells that allow for rapid gas diffusion.
A
Alveolus
21
Q
Nasal structure that warms and humidifies air.
A
Nasal Conchae
22
Q
Increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of metabolic demands.
A
Hyperventilation
23
Q
An agent that disrupts the hydrogen bonds of water and reduces surface tension.
A
Surfactant
24
Q
These close the glottis during swallowing.
A
Vestibular Folds
25
Ventilation of the lungs.
Breathing
26
Mixture of thick mucus and cellular debris.
Sputum
27
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet, normal breathing.
Tidal Volume
28
Amount of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration.
Residual Volume
29
Pressure enough to force a column of mercery 760 mm up an evacuated tube.
1 Atmosphere
30
Branches off primary bronchii into each lobe.
Secondary Bronchii
31
Supported by C-shaped cartilage rings.
Trachea and Bronchii
32
Instrument used to measure ventilation.
Spirometer
33
Specialist that treats both urinary and male reproduction disorders.
Urologist
34
A hormone secreted by kidneys that controls red blood cell count within the blood.
Erythropoietin
35
Condition resulting from accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the blood.
Azotemia
36
Opening at the end of the urethra.
External Urethral Orifice
37
Two or three of these converge in the kidney sinus to form the renal pelvis.
Major Calyx
38
The functional unit of the kidney.
Nephron
39
Blood vessels found in the renal columns.
Interlobar
40
Rounded cluster of capillaries where urine formation begins.
Glomerulus
41
Condition caused by the dropping down of a kidney from the upper abdominal wall.
Nephroptosis
42
Plays a major role in concentrating urine.
Nephron Loop
43
Condition where blood is found in the urine.
Hematuria
44
Hormone responsible for salt and water resorption that helps maintain blood volume and pressure.
Aldosterone
45
Pigment that gives urine its yellow color.
Urochrome
46
One of the major functions of the kidneys.
Regulate osmotic concentration.
47
Three layers of smooth muscle in the bladder.
Detrusor Muscle
48
Amount of filtrate formed per minute by the two kidneys combined.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
49
Inflammation of the bladder.
Cysitis
50
An increased production of urine.
Diuresis
51
A substance that causes an increased production of urine.
Diuretic
52
Painful or diffuculty urinating.
Dysuria
53
A scanty output of urine.
Oliguria
54
An excessive output of urine.
Polyuria
55
Urinary condition with the the presence of glucose in the urine and is indicative of abnormally high blood sugar levels. It occurs in conditions such as uncontrolled DIABETES MELLITUS, in which the body cells are unable to absorb glucose from the blood. Under such circumstances, the body cells increase their metabolism of fats, and the excess spills out in the urine.
Glycosuria
56
A urinary condition that has a presence of ketone bodies. Normally appear in urine in very small amounts, and usually indicates that abnormal metabloic processes are occuring. This condition may be caused by starvation.
Ketonuria
57
This urinary condition may indicate various pathological conditions, including hemolytic anemias, transfusion reactions, burns, or renal diseases. It has a prescence of hemaglobin in the urine.
Hemoglobinuria
58
This urinary condition indicates an inflammatory process in the urinary tract. Has the presence of white blood cell's or other pus constituents in the urine.
Pyuria
59
This urinary condition is generally indicative of an abnormally increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Pathologic conditions that may result include kidney trauma due to blows, the ingestion of heavy metals, bacterial toxins, glomerulonephritis, and hypertension. Has a prescence of albumin in urine which is an abnormal finding.
Albuminuria
60
A urinary condition where the appearance of bilirubin in urine is an abnormal finding and most often reflects liver pathology such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.
Bilirubinuria
61
If urine becomes excessively concentrated, some of the substances normally held in solution begin to precipitate or crystallize, forming ______ ______.
Kidney Stones
62
A urinary condition where there is a lack of voluntary control over the external sphincter. It is normal to find in children that are under the age of two and the elderly. Pathological conditions that may lead to this condition are a result of spinal cord injury, emotional problems, and bladder irritability.
Incontinence
63
The bone in front of the roof of your mouth.
Hard Pallet
64
Soft tissue in the roof of your mouth in the back.
Soft Pallet
65
They are pink and below your teeth.
Gums
66
Section BEHIND the nose.
Nasopharynx
67
Section BEHIND your mouth.
Oropharynx
68
Section BEHIND your voicebox.
Laryngopharynx
69
When the cardiac sphincter stays closed so food backs up.
Achalasia
70
Hydrochloric acid from stomach coming up the esophagus.
Heart Burn
71
The main cell that secretes pepsin.
Chief Cells
72
These cells secrete mucus.
Goblet Cells
73
White liquid from pepsin that leaves the stomach and goes to the small intestine. This is what you vomit and it tastes bitter.
Chyme
74
The large intesine produces vitamin __. and it is what you need to produce clotting factors.
Vitamin K
75
How long does it take your total volume of blood to cycle through your kidneys once?
15 minutes
76
The liquid that cycles through a nephron.
Filtrate
77
How much filtrate is cycling through a nephron per minute.
Filtration Rate
78
Condition where biliruben is backed up in the blood. (when your skin is yellow)
Jaundice
79
This is behind the peritoneal cavity and has NO serous fluid.
Retroperitoneal
80
Fat that attaches to the abdominal cavity.
Perirenal Fat Capsul
81
This is an enzyme of protease and you can find it in the stomach and it has a pH of 2 or 3.
Pepsin
82
Ligament that attaches the tongue to the bottom of the oral cavity.
Frenulum
83
The space between the lips and teeth.
Vestibule
84
Condition where there in inflammation in the gums.
Gingivitis
85
The ball you make when you cut up food and swallow it.
Bolus
86
This connects the pharynx to the stomach, it is green with grey strings.
Esophagus
87
This is between the esophagus and the stomach.
Lower esophageal spinchter
88
The muscle that helps you chew.
Masseter Muscle
89
This means swallowing.
Deglutition
90
This is in the intestine, and it helps move food along.
Muscularis Externa
91
Specialized lymphatic capillary in villi.
Lacteal
92
Big bumps in the intestine.
Villi
93
A combination of amylase, protease, and lipase.
Pancreatic Juice
94
This is an anti-acid , it neutralizes acid and brings pH back to 7.4.
Bicarbonate
95
Bile helps break down ___.
Fat
96
Bile that is crystalized and enlarged.
Gallstones
97
Pockets in the colon.
Haustra
98
Condition where you cannot defecate, it is large masses in the colon that dont have water.
Constipation.
99
A condition where the movement of stuff in the colon is too fast and can't absorb water.
Dirrharia
100
Seeds that get trapped in the colon and cause an infection.
Diverticulitis
101
Condition where the appendix becomes inflamed.
Appendicitis
102
This is part of the male reproductive system.
Urogenatal
103
This concentrates urine and is below tubule.
Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle)
104
Gas exchange between the blood and lungs.
External Respiration
105
Substance that cuts down surface tension so it can open again.
Surfactant
106
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
107
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
108
_______ causes bronchial constriction.
Histamine
109
Surrounds the lungs (covers), and secretes serous fluid.
Visceral Pleura
110
Lines the cavity and secretes serous fluid in the lungs.
Parietal Pleura
111
These come off the bronchii, have no cartilage only smooth muscle, and controls the airflow to avelous.
Bronchioles
112
The tidal volume + expiratory reserve + inspiratory reserve =
Vital Capacity
113
Cartilage that protects the larynx.
Cricoid Cartilage
114
This is also known as your adams apple, it is shaped like a crest.
Laryngeal Prominence
115
The chanel between the middle ear and the back of the throat.
Auditory Tube
116
This cartilage is on both sides of the larynx.
Thyroid Cartilage
117
Cartilage rings that help keep the trachea open.
Tracheal Cartilage Rings
118
The lungs rest on this....
Diaphram
119
The sinuses are lined with ____ to warm and moisten air.
Mucus
120
How many breaths you take in a minute. You can slow it down or speed it up.
Respiratory Rate OR Minute Ventilation
121
What are the little grooves between conchas and gets moist?
Meatuses
122
Blood brings _____.
Heat
123
______ moistens the air.
Mucus
124
The ratio of the weight of something to the weight of an equal volume of pure water.
Specific Gravity
125
What is water's specific gravity? (#)
1.000
126
Normal urine should have a specific gravity of ____ to ____. (#)
1.003- 1.035
