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OSU > Lab Practical 1 Prep > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Prep Flashcards

1
Q

List the key characteristics which are true for all organisms in phylum porifera

A

-Sedentary, aquatic (mostly marine) animals
-Do not have true tissues, organs, or body symmetry
-Body perforated by numerous pores for water flor

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2
Q

List the three basic sponge body types

A

-Ascon: simplest (no canals)
-Sycon: middle complex
-Leucon: most complex (includes branched network of canals)
–>osculum in Leucon can have more than one opening where water exits

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3
Q

Describe osculum

A

Large hole at top where water flows out of sponge

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4
Q

Describe Ostium

A

Small pores where water enters sponge

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5
Q

Describe porocyte

A

Contains pores and regulates water intake

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6
Q

Describe spongocoel

A

Main cavity inside sponge where water collects before leaving through osculars

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7
Q

Describe apopyle

A

Exit point for water through radial canal and then osculum

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8
Q

Incurrent canal

A

Passes water entering pores towards radial canals

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9
Q

Describe radial canal

A

Ensures even nutrient distribution
–>primary site for water filtration

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10
Q

Describe spongocoel in syconoid

A

Acts as a chamber for filtering good particles from the water current generated by the choanocytes

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11
Q

Describe excurrent canal

A

Directs water out to the osculum –> main exit point of sponge

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12
Q

Describe flagellated chamber

A

Primary filtration and water circulation unit (specialized area lined with choanocytes)

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13
Q

Function of archaeocytes in syconoid

A

Digest food, transport nutrients to other cells, differentiate into other cells

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14
Q

Describe function of choanocytes in syconoid

A

Digestion, reproduction, circulation

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15
Q

Describe function of pinacocytes in syconoid

A

Outer protect layer/barrier –> provides structure and regulates water flow

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16
Q

Describe spicules function for syconoids

A

(stuctural support) “bones” of a sponge –> provides some protection

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17
Q

What examples of things in phylum Cnidaria?

A

Hydras, true jellyfish, sea anemones, colonial corals

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18
Q

List of key characteristics which are true for all organisms in Phylum Cnidaria

A

-Sessile, free floating, or free swimming
-Two distinct morphological forms: polyp & medusa
-Diploblastic = two tissue layers
-Cnidocytes, the stinging cells, contain nematocysts

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19
Q

What is a medusa and provide examploe

A

Medusa=free floating. Often referred to as bell/umbrella.
Ex: Sea jelly

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20
Q

Describe class hydrozoa

A

-Mainly marine
-Most have both polyp and medusa stages (Hydra do not have medusa stage)
-Polyp colonies in most

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21
Q

What is the function of tentacles on a hydra?

A

Capture prey and moves it to the mouth (has nemocytes in tentacles)

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22
Q

What is the function of a bud in hydra?

A

Helps with asexual reproduction

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23
Q

What is the function of a pedal disc in a hydra?

A

Adhesive base

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24
Q

Where is the epidermis located on a hydra?

A

Outer nonvascular layer of skin

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25
Q

Where is the gastrodermis on a hydra?

A

Lines the digestive cavity

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26
Q

What is the function of a gastrovacular cavity?

A

digest and circulates nutrients

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27
Q

What is the function of a mouth in a hydra?

A

Lead into a blind gut – intake nutrients

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28
Q

Where and what is the hyposome in hydra?

A

Contains the mouth –> helps open mouth and control structure of head

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29
Q

What is the function of a mesoglea?

A

Provides structural support (skeleton) –> allow body shape changes

30
Q

What is the function of a cnidocyte in hydra?

A

Immobilize/capture prey with toxins and defend against predators

31
Q

What is the function of a hydranth in an obelia hydroid colony?

A

Feeding polyp of a hydroid

32
Q

What is the function of a gonangia in an obelia hydroid colony?

A

produce medusa buds asexually

33
Q

What is the function of medusa buds in an obelia hydroid colony?

A

Serves as productive stage

34
Q

What is the function of manubrium in an obelia medusae?

A

Hold the mouth –> mouth attached at tip

35
Q

Describe class schyphozoa

A

-Marine coastal waters
-Polyp stage restricted to small larval form

36
Q

What is an aurelia?

A

A true jellyfish

37
Q

What is the function of the oral lobes in an aurelia?

A

capture and transfer prey to the mouth

38
Q

What is the function of gonads in an aurelia?

A

reproduction –> produce egg and sperm

39
Q

What is the unction of marginal tentacles in an aurelia?

A

-Help jellyfish capture prey
-Defense: has stinging cells and can release toxins

40
Q

What is the function of a ring canal in an aurelia?

A

Allow water to move into radial canals

41
Q

Describe class anthozoa

A

-Sea anemones and corals
-Marine coastal waters
-Solitary or colonia polyps
-NO medusa stage

42
Q

What is a metridium?

A

Sea anemone

43
Q

What is the function of the mouth in a metridium?

A

Center of oral disc –> ingest food, excrete waste, and release reproductive cells

44
Q

What is the function of a septum/septa?

A

-It’s mesenteries
-Function: provide additional surface area in the gastrovascular cavity for digestion of food and absorption of nutrients

45
Q

What is the function of a pedal disc in metridium?

A

Adhesion and locomotion

46
Q

Which of the four categories of protozoan groups does Euglena belong to?

A

Flagellated

47
Q

Which structures found in Euglena are evidence that they can obtain nutrients by photosynthesis?

A

It’s green color –> has chloroplasts

48
Q

Which of the four categories of protozoan groups does Trypanosoma belong to?

A

Flagellated

49
Q

Name one disease caused by organisms in genus Trypanosoma

A

African sleeping sickness

50
Q

Which of the four categories of protozoan groups does Plasmodium belong to?

A

Spore forming

51
Q

What disease does plasmodium cause?

A

Malaria

52
Q

Which of the four categories of protozoan groups does Paramecium belong to?

A

Ciliated

53
Q

How does Paramecium get nutrients into its oral groove?

A

Takes advantage of cilia

54
Q

Which of the four categories of protozoan groups does Amoeba belong to?

A

Amoeboid

55
Q

What are pseudopodia and how are they used by Amoeba?

A

General cell extensions (arms/legs) –> helps cell move

56
Q

What process does Amoeba used to bring nutrients into its cell?

A

Phagocytosis

57
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Classification of living things

58
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

System of naming organisms
–> Genus (capitalized) and species (lower case)
–> both underlined or in italics

59
Q

What is a domain?

A

Three primary divisions of living system –> eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea

60
Q

What is a kingdom?

A

Highest taxonomic classification into which organisms are grouped based on similiarities and common ancestry
–> animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and protists

61
Q

What is a genus?

A

A taxonomic category generally consisting of a group of species exhibiting similar characteristics
–> genus is always capitalized and underlined or in italics

62
Q

Rank from highest to lowest in terms of classification

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

63
Q

List of key characteristics which are true for organisms in Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

-Free living flatworms are usually aquatic
-Parasitic flatworms live within hosts’ bodies
-Bilateral symmetry
-Triploblastic: acoelomate (no body cavity)
-Usually monoecious: one house
-Incomplete digestive tract in flatworms that have a digestive system

64
Q

Describe class turbellaria and give an example

A

-Mostly free living, carnivorous, aquatic forms with a ciliated epidermis
-Ex: Planaria (they’re planarians)

65
Q

Identify the functions in the structures: ocelli, auricles, pharynx

A

-Ocelli: light sensing mechanism to guide behavior
-Auricles: detects chemicals in environment
-Pharynx: entrance/exit to the digestive system

66
Q

Describe class Trematoda

A

-Parasitic with wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts
-Suckers for attachment to host
-Also known as flukes

67
Q

Identify the functions in the structures: oral sucker, ventral sucker, pharynx, excretory pore, vitellaria (yolk glands)

A

-Oral sucker: attachment to host and feeding
-Ventral sucker: attachment to host only
-Pharynx: muscular structure used to pull food into intestine via the oral sucker
-Excretory pore: release metabolic waste outside the body
-Vitellaria: produce yolk material used to nourish developing embryo within egg

68
Q

Describe Class Cestoda

A

-Parasitic in most vertebrate hosts
-Complex lifecycle with intermediate and multiple hosts
-No digestive system
-Also known as tapeworms

69
Q

Describe the functions of these structures: scolex, hooks, suckers

A

-Scolex: attaches to host’s intestinal wall
-Hooks: hooks to intestinal lining
-Suckers: also attack to wall –> no feeding through suckers

70
Q

Describe Phylum Nematoda

A

-Bilaterally symmetrical
-Triploblastic tissue: pseudocoelomate (has body cavity)
-Pseudocoelom with complete digestive tract
-Usually dioecious (separate sexes)
-Contains both free living and parasitic species
-Have longitudinal muscles but lack circular muscles
-Also known as roundworms

71
Q

Describe function of these structures: cuticle, pharynx, excretory ducts, spicules

A

-Cuticle: tough protective coating secreted by epidermis (important for parasites)
-Pharynx: muscular organ that sucks food from mouth into the intestine
-Excretory ducts: excretory system (lateral lines)
-Spicules: grasp onto female during sex

OSU (5 decks)

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