IDS 2

Question 1

Social Gospel

Answer 1

The Social Gospel, a significant religious and social movement in late 19th and early 20th century America, emphasized applying Christian ethics to address social problems. It influenced the Progressive Era by inspiring reformers and politicians to implement social welfare programs and labor reforms. The movement’s impact extended beyond religious circles, contributing to broader social and economic reforms. Its legacy continues in various social justice movements and debates about religion’s role in addressing societal issues in America.

Question 2

Hull House

Answer 2

Founded by Jane Addams in 1889, Hull House was a settlement house in Chicago that provided social and educational services to immigrants. It is significant for its role in the Progressive Era, promoting reforms in child labor, women’s rights, and urban living conditions.

Question 3

Muckrakers

Answer 3

Muckrakers were investigative journalists in the early 20th century who exposed corruption, social injustices, and abuses in industries and government. Ex: Upton Sinclair wrote a book called the Jungle, resulting the pure food and drug act and meat inspection act. Their work was significant in prompting public demand for reforms and regulations, contributing to the Progressive Movement.

Question 4

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Answer 4

This 1911 fire in a New York garment factory killed 146 workers, many of them women. It highlighted unsafe working conditions and led to major reforms in labor laws and workplace safety regulations, playing a key role in the labor rights movement.

Question 5

Society of American Indians

Answer 5

Formed in 1911, the Society of American Indians was the first national American Indian rights organization run by and for Native Americans. It advocated for civil rights, education, and better living conditions, marking a significant step in the fight for Indigenous self-determination.

Question 6

Margaret Sanger

Answer 6

A birth control activist in the early 20th century, Margaret Sanger advocated for women’s reproductive rights and access to contraception. Her efforts led to the founding of Planned Parenthood and were crucial in advancing women’s health and rights.

Question 7

Antiquities Act of 1906

Answer 7

This law gave the U.S. president the authority to designate national monuments, protecting significant natural, historical, and cultural sites. Its significance lies in its role in the conservation movement and the establishment of national parks.

Question 8

Ludlow Massacre

Answer 8

In 1914, during a coal miners’ strike in Ludlow, Colorado, the Colorado National Guard and company guards attacked a tent colony of striking miners, killing women and children. The event drew attention to labor struggles and led to demands for labor reforms.

Question 9

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Answer 9

The IWW, founded in 1905, was a radical labor union that sought to unite all workers and advocated for direct action and strikes to achieve workers’ rights. Its significance lies in its influence on labor movements and its role in promoting industrial unionism.

Question 10

Green Corn Rebellion

Answer 10

A 1917 armed uprising in rural Oklahoma, led by tenant farmers opposed to World War I and the draft. It highlighted class tensions in rural America and opposition to U.S. involvement in the war.

Question 11

Closing of the Frontier

Answer 11

Historian Frederick Jackson Turner declared the American frontier “closed” in 1890, as there was no longer a clear line of unsettled land. This concept marked the end of westward expansion and influenced U.S. foreign and domestic policy.

Question 12

Yellow Journalism

Answer 12

Sensationalist journalism that exaggerated news to increase sales, particularly prominent during the Spanish-American War. Its significance lies in its role in stirring public opinion and pushing the U.S. into war with Spain in 1898.

Question 13

Punitive Expedition

Answer 13

A 1916 U.S. military operation led by General John J. Pershing into Mexico to capture Pancho Villa, who had attacked a town in New Mexico. The expedition reflects U.S. interventionist policies in Latin America during the early 20th century. Significance: 10k guys getting training in new tech/resources that they’re going to use in Europe

Question 14

The Lusitania

Answer 14

A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing 128 Americans. The sinking turned U.S. public opinion against Germany and was a significant factor leading to U.S. involvement in World War I.

Question 15

One Hundred Percent Americanism

Answer 15

A post-World War I movement promoting American patriotism and rejecting foreign influences, particularly aimed at immigrants. It contributed to nativist policies and the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan.

Question 16

Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 16

Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted and executed for murder in 1927. Their trial was marked by anti-immigrant sentiment and highlighted issues of justice and civil rights.

Question 17

Great Migration

Answer 17

The movement of over six million African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North between 1916 and 1970. It transformed African American communities and had lasting social, cultural, and political impacts on the U.S.

Question 18

Dust Bowl

Answer 18

A period of severe dust storms in the 1930s that devastated the Great Plains, caused by drought and poor agricultural practices. It led to mass migration and shaped New Deal agricultural policies.

Question 19

Tulsa Race Massacre

Answer 19

In 1921, a white mob attacked the prosperous African American community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, destroying homes and businesses and killing hundreds. It stands as one of the worst incidents of racial violence in U.S. history.

Question 20

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Answer 20

A New Deal agency created in 1933 to stimulate economic recovery by establishing fair labor standards, wages, and prices. It was significant in shaping labor relations during the Great Depression, though later declared unconstitutional.

Question 21

Share Our Wealth

Answer 21

A populist movement led by Senator Huey Long during the Great Depression that advocated for wealth redistribution to reduce poverty and income inequality. It was significant as a critique of President Roosevelt’s New Deal from the left.

Question 22

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 22

A secret message sent by Germany to Mexico in 1917, proposing a military alliance against the U.S. It was intercepted and made public, contributing to the U.S. decision to enter World War I.

Question 23

First Hundred Days

Answer 23

Refers to the beginning of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency in 1933, when he passed an unprecedented amount of legislation to combat the Great Depression. It set the standard for evaluating the effectiveness of future U.S. presidents.

Question 24

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 24

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, asserting the U.S. right to intervene in Latin America to stabilize the region. It justified numerous U.S. interventions and expanded American influence in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 25

Crime of the Century

Answer 25

Murder of a man named Bobby Franks by two intelligent teenagers–Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb. Clarence Darrow was their attorney, and managed to save them from the death penalty by using the insanity act as a defense. It was one of the first uses of the insanity act as a defense in the U.S

Question 26

Bonus Army

Answer 26

A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932, demanding early payment of a promised bonus. Their eviction by the U.S. Army under Herbert Hoover’s orders harmed his public image and underscored the economic desperation of the Depression.

Question 27

Migrant Mother

Answer 27

A famous photograph taken by Dorothea Lange during the Great Depression, depicting a destitute mother, Florence Thompson, and her children. It became a symbol of the dust bowl migration, particularly those who were moving west. The idea: not to make it feel like Thompson was at fault for having too many kids.

Question 28

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Answer 28

Laws passed during World War I that restricted free speech by making it illegal to interfere with military operations or criticize the government. They were significant in limiting civil liberties and targeting anti-war activists and immigrants.

Question 29

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Answer 29

A New Deal program that provided jobs to young men to work on environmental conservation projects during the Great Depression. It was significant for reducing unemployment and contributing to the development of the nation’s parks and infrastructure.

Question 30

Popular Front

Answer 30

A coalition of left-wing groups, including communists, socialists, and liberals, that united to oppose fascism during the 1930s. It played a role in shaping U.S. politics and culture during the lead-up to World War II, advocating for progressive policies.