Animal Bio exam 3 Flashcards
The pedipalps of some Arachnids are modified for…
Provide sensory info, manipulate objects, capture prey, mating (all arachnids); defense (scorpion only)
The tagmata of spiders and horseshoe crabs…
- Horseshoe crabs: cephalothorax and abdomen
- Crabs: same thing
**both in subphylum Chelicerata
Like the chordates, hemichordates have…
- Triploblastic coelomates
- Five things: notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits or pouches, endostyle/thyroid gland, post-anal tail
Which of the following phyla has the greatest number of described species?
Arthropoda
What is an ossicle?
Small bone or bony structure
Which of the following is/are general characteristics of centipedes
- Unfused segments
- 1 pair of legs/segment
What is the function of the Aristotle’s lantern?
To chew/grind food in a sea urchin
Members of phylum Chaetognatha
Arrow worms
In a sea star, the ___ is the opening to the outside of the animal and ___ surrounds the mouth
Madreporite; arms(?)
Why is the hemolympth from horseshoe crabs so valuable?
Contains Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) – a substance used to detect bacterial endotoxins in medical products like vaccines and injectable drugs
What is the general function of chelicerae in the class Araneae?
Feeding (all arachnids); defense (spiders only)
What are the pharyngeal slits or pouches used for in hemichordates?
Filter feeding
Octopus mating involves ___ as males transfer their spermatophore using a specialized arm called a ___
internal fertilization; hectocotylus
Annelids differ from nematodes in which of the following ways?
Annelids do not shed their cuticle and are coelomate, not pseudocoelomate
Some Errantia (bristle worms) reproduce by releasing structures called epitokes which
contain eggs or sperm. The epitokes float to the ocean surface while the adult remains
on the ocean floor. Release of epitokes is highly synchronous, usually occurring on a
single night. What are advantages to this reproductive strategy?
A. If all individuals expel epitokes on the same night, the risk of predation for any
individual epitoke is reduced.
B. If all individuals expel epitokes on the same night, they are more likely to come into
contact and be fertilized.
C. Parents remain safe on the ocean floor, even if their epitoke is eaten they can
reproduce again next year.
D. All of these are advantages (**this is the answer)
Is reproduction for worms internal or external fertilization?
External
In many arthropods, metamorphosis is advantageous because ____
A. it reduces competition between larvae and adults
B. it increases a species’ trophic breadth
C. it allows for a specialized overwintering stage
D. all of these are potential benefits of metamorphosis (**answer is D)
Adult echinoderms exhibit ___ symmetry and larval echinoderms exhibit ___ symmetry
Pentaradial, bilateral
If a brittle star is grasped by an arm, certain muscles may contract to sever and release the arm in a process called…
Autonomy
Which of the following is not a member of the subphylum Vertebrata?
Echinoderms
Fish that live in marine environments, but move to freshwater to spawn are called ___
Anadromous
Fish living in freshwater to osmoregulate by ___
Using active transport in the kidneys and gills to get rid of excess ions
Describe key characteristics of annelids
- Triploblastic
- Protostome
- Bilateral
- Coelomate
What is the function of the coelom in annelids?
It acts as a hydrostatic skeleton, aiding movement
