Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
Axial
Relating to the axis of the body.
Appendicular
Relating to the limbs
Anatomical Position
Straight up and hands out to the side, palms facing forward.
Abdominal
Anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs.
Acrominal
Point of the Shoulder
Antebrachial
Forearm
Antecubital
Anterior surface of the elbow
Axillary
Armpit
Brachial
Arm
Buccal
Cheek
Carpal
Wrist
Cephalic
Head
Cervical
Neck Region
Coxal
Hip
Crurual
Leg
Digital
Fingers and Toes
Femoral
Thigh
Fibular
Side of the leg
Frontal
Forehead
Hallux
Big Toe
Inguinal
Groin Area
Mammary
Breast
Manus
Hand
Mental
Chin
Nasal
Nose
Oral
Mouth
Orbital
Bony Eye Socket
Palmar
Palm of Hand
Patellar
Anterior Knee Region
Pedal
Foot
Pelvic
Pelvis Area
Pollex
Thumb
Pubic
Genital Region
Sternal
Region of Breastbone
Tarsal
Ankle
Thoracic
Chest
Umbilical
Navel
Calcaneal
Heel of Foot
Dorsum
Back
Gluteal
Buttocks
Lumbar
Area of back between ribs and hips
Occipital
Posterior aspect of head, base of the skull.
Olecranal
Posterior of the elbow
Otic
Ear
Perineal
Region between anus and genitals
Plantar
Sole of foot
Popliteal
Back of knee
Sacral
Region between the hips
Scapular
Shoulder blade area
Sural
Calf
Vertebral
Spinal Column
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Medial
Toward the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
Cephalad
Toward the head
Caudal
Toward the tail
Dorsal
Backside
Ventral
Belly Side
Proximal
Nearer to the trunk
Distal
Away from the trunk
Superficial
Toward the surface
Deep
Away from the surface
Sagittal Plane
Longitudinally cut.
Midsagittal Plane
Longitudinally down the middle
Frontal Plane
Divides into anterior and posterior
Transverse Plane
Divides into superior and inferior
Two Main Body Cavities
Dorsal and Ventral Body Cavity
Dorsal Body Cavity
Cranial and Vertebral Cavities
Ventral Body Cavity
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities
Thoracic Cavity
Pleural Cavity, Superior Mediastinum, Precardial Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity
Serous Membranes
Protect and allow organs to slide past each other.
Peritonium
Serous membranes that line the abdominal cavity.
Parietal Peritonium
Serous membranes that line the outside of the abdominal cavity.
Visceral Peritonium
Serous membranes that line the organs in the abdominal cavity.
Parietal Pleura
Serous membranes that line the pleural cavity with the lungs.
Visceral Pleura
Serous membranes that line the lungs
Parietal Pericardium
Serous membranes that line the pericardial cavity
Visceral Pericardium
Serous membranes that line the heart
Which Quadrant is this?
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Upper Right Quadrant
Which Quadrant is this?
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Upper Left Quadrant
Which Quadrant is this?
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Lower Right Quadrant
Which Quadrant is this?
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Left Lower Quadrant
What is region 1?
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Right hypochondriac Region
What is region 2?
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Epigastric Region
What is region 3?
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Left Hypochondriac Region
What is region 4?
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Right Lumbar Region
What is region 5?
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Umbilical Region
What is region 6?
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Left Lumbar Region
What is region 7?
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Right iliac (inguinal) region
What is region 8?
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Hypogastric (pubic) region
What is region 9?
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Left Iliac (inguinal) region
What is Structure A?
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Adrenal Glands
What is structure C?
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Kidney
What is Structure D?
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Ureters
What is structure E?
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Urinary Bladder
What is the purple organ in this diagram?
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Spleen
What is the organ between A and F?
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Thyroid Gland
What is structure 7?
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Pancreas
What type of tissue is this?
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
Where would you find Simple Squamous Epithelium?
Kidney, Air sacs of lungs.
What type of tissue is this?
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Where would you find Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
Kidney Tubules
What type of tissue is this?
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Simple Columnar Epithelium
Where would you find Simple Columnar Epithelium?
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Digestive System
Parts of Epithelial Tissue
Apical Surface, Basal Surface, Basement Membrane, Microvilli
What is this tissue?
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Where would you find Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?
Trachea
What is this tissue?
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Where would you find stratified squamous epithelium?
Epidermis of the Skin
What type of tissue is this?
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Where would you find stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Duct
What type of tissue is this?
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Transitional Epithelium
Where would you find transitional epithelium?
Urinary Bladder
What is structure 1?
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Ocular Lens
What is structure 2?
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Rotating Nosepiece
What are structures 3-5?
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Objective Lenses
What is structure 7?
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Condenser
What is structure 8?
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Substage Light
What is structure 14?
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Base
What is structure 13?
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Fine adjustment knob
What is structure 12?
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Coarse adjustment knob
What is structure 11?
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Stage
What is structure 10?
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Arm
What type of cloth do you use to clean the microscope?
A grit free lens cloth
What type of tissue is this?
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Skeletal Muscle
What type of tissue is this?
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Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Parts of Muscle Tissue
Striations, Intercalated Disks (cardiac muscle), Nucleus
What type of tissue is this?
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Smooth Muscle
What type of tissue is this?
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Nervous Tissue
Where would you find smooth muscle?
Lining internal organs
Parts of Nervous Tissue
Neuron, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Processes
What is this type of tissue?
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Loose Areolar Connective Tissue
Where would you find loose areolar connective tissue?
Under epithelia of body.
Parts of loose areolar connective tissue
Fibroblasts, elastic fibers (dark), collagen fibers (light), cell matrix
What is this tissue?
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Adipose Tissue
Parts of Adipose Tissue
Cell nuclei, Fat Droplet
What is this tissue?
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Parts of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Fibroblasts, Collagen fibers
Where would you find adipose tissue?
Hypodermis of the skin
Where would you find dense irregular connective tissue?
Joints
What is this tissue?
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Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Parts of Dense Regular Connective Tissue.
Fibroblasts, Collagen Fibers
Where would you find dense regular connective tissue?
Tendons
What tissue is this?
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Hyaline Cartilage
Where would you find hyaline cartilage?
Trachea
Parts of hyaline cartilage
Chondrocytes, Lacunae, Matrix
What tissue is this?
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Elastic Cartilage
Where would you find elastic cartilage?
External Ear, Epiglottis
Parts of elastic cartilage
Chondrocytes, Lacunae, Elastic Fibers
What is this tissue?
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Fibrocartilage
Where would you find fibrocartilage?
Intervertebral Discs
Parts of Fibrocartilage
Collagen Fibers
What type of tissue is this?
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Bone
Parts of Bone Tissue
Osteocytes, Lacunae
What is structure A?
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Epidermis
What is structure B?
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Dermis
What is structure C?
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Hypodermis
What is Structure D?
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Papillary Layer
What is structure E?
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Reticular Layer
What is Structure F?
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Hair Root
What is Structure J?
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Eccrine Sweat Gland
What is structure K?
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Sebaceous Oil Gland
What is Structure L?
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Arrector Pilli Muscle
What is Structure M?
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Dermal Papillae
What is Structure A?
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Stratum Corneum
What is Structure B?
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Stratum Granulosum
What is Structure C?
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Stratum Lucidum
What is Structure D?
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Stratum Spinosum
What is Structure E?
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Stratum Basale
Describe the Stratum Basale
The depest layer, single row of actively dividing cells.
Describe the Stratum Spinosum
Several layers of keratinocytes, next deepest layer.
Describe the stratum granulosum
1-5 layers of flattened cells. Cells start to decay when they get to this layer.
Describe the Stratum Lucidum.
One layer of thin cells only in thick skin.
Describe the Stratum Corneum
Most superficial layer, all made of dead cells.
Layers of Skin Deep to Superficial
Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum (thick only), Stratum Corneum
What is Structure N?
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Sweat Pore
What is Structure O?
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Vascular Plexus
What is Structure H?
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Free Edge of Nail
What is structure A?
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Body of Nail
What is structure B?
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Lanule
What is the scientific name for a cuticle?
Eponychium
The folds on the side of the finger are called:
Lateral Nail Folds
Red Blood Cells are called:
Erythrocytes
White Blood Cells are called:
Leukocytes
3 Granulocytes
Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
2 Agranulocytes
Lymphocyte, Monocyte
3 Formed Elements in Blood
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets
What is this Leukocyte?
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Basophil
What is this Leukocyte?
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Neutrophil
What is this leukocyte?
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Eosinophil
What is this leukocyte?
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Monocyte
What is this leukocyte?
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Lymphocyte
What do neutrophils do?
Phaogcytize bacteria
What do Eosinophils do?
Kill parasitic worms
What do Basophils do?
Release histamines
What do Lymphocytes Do?
Mount immune response
What do monocytes do?
Phagocytosis
Leukocytes from most to least in the blood stream
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
Finding the % of an element in a hematocrit
Column of element/column of blood X 100
Plasma accounts for how much of blood?
55%
Formed Elements account for how much of blood?
45%
The middle, small white layer in a hematocrit is called a:
Buffy Coat
What blood disorder is this?
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Sickle Cell Anemia
What blood disorder is this?
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Pernicious Anemia
What blood disorder is this?
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Infections Mononucleosis
Type A blood has what kind of antigens?
A
Type A blood has what kind of Anti-bodies?
Anti-B
Type B blood has what kind of antigens?
B
Type B blood has what kind of Anti-bodies?
Anti-A
Type AB blood has what kind of antigens?
A and B
Type AB blood has what kind of antigens?
None
Type O blood has what kind of antigens?
None
Type O blood has what kind of anti-bodies?
A and B
What blood is a universal donor?
Type O
What blood type is a universal reciever?
AB
What is structure 14?
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Right Atrium/Auricle of Right Atrium
What is structure 16?
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Left Atrium/Auricle of Left Atrium
What is structure 15?
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Right Ventricle
What is structure 17?
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Left Ventricle
What is structure 11?
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Superior Vena Cava
What is structure 13?
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Right Pulmonary Artery
What is structure 9?
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Left Pulmonary Artery
What is structure 11?
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Left Pulmonary Veins
What is structure 5?
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Right Pulmonary Veins
What is structure 4?
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Aortic Arch
What is structure 1?
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Brachiocephalic Trunk
What is structure 2?
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Left Common Carotid Artery
What is structure 3?
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Left Sublavian Artery
What is structure 22?
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Apex
What is the structure upon all of the great vessels of the heart are located?
The Base
A small indentation in the right atrium is called what?
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Fossa Ovalis
The muscles of the atria, like structure 4 are called what?
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Pectinate Muscles
What is structure 16?
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Interventricular septum
What is structure 7?
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Ligamentum Arteriosum
What is structure 7?
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Papillary Muscles
The muscles of the ventricles, like structure 15 are called what?
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Trabeculae Carneae
The ends of each of the AV pumps are called what?
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Chordae Tendinae
What is structure 6?
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Posterior Interventricular Artery in Sulcus
What is structure 18?
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Anterior Interventricular Artery in Sulcus
What is structure 19?
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Right Coronary artery in Sulcus
What is structure 3?
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Pulmonary Semi-Lunar Valve
What is structure 13?
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Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve
What is structure 6?
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Tricuspid Atrioventricular Valve
What is structure 14?
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Bicuspid Atrioventricular Valve
What is structure 20?
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Left Cornary Artery in Sulcus
What is structure 21?
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Circumflex Artery
What is structure 4?
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Great Cardiac Vein
What is the vein called next to structure 18?
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Great Cardiac Vein
What is structure 5?
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Middle Cardiac Vein
What is structure 2?
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Coronary Sinus
Where does the electrical signal in the heart go first?
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The Sinoatrial node
Where does the electrical signal in the heart go after the sino atrial node?
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The atrioventricular node
After the electrical signal is transferred to the atrioventricular node, where does it go in the heart?
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Bundles of His right and left branches
After the signal is transferred through the bundles of His in the heart, where does the electrical signal go?
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Subendocardial Conducting Network made of Purkinje Fibers
Segment 6 is what?
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P wave
Interval 11 is what?
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Q-T segment
What happens before the P wave in an ECG?
SA node generates impulse, atrial depolarization begins.
What happens on the P wave of an ECG?
Impulse is delayed at the AV node, atrial depolarization complete.
What happens during the Q segment of an ECG?
Impulses pass through bundles of His, ventricular depolarization begins
What happens during the QRS segment of an ECG?
Ventricular depolarization becomes complete.
What is structure 1?
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Lumen
What is structure 4?
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Tunica Intima
What is structure 5?
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Tunica Media
What is structure 6?
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Tunica Externa
Tunica Intima is made of?
Endothelium
Tunica Media is made of?
Smooth Muscle
Tunica Externa is made of?
Collagen Fibers
Capillaries only contain?
Tunica Intima
Name both structures on this diagram.
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Right is a vein, Left is an artery
What is structure 1?
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Brachiocephalic Trunk
What is structure 2?
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Axillary Artery
What is structure 3?
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Subclavian Artery
What is structure 4?
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Common Carotid Artery
What is structure 5?
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External Carotid Artery
What is structure 6?
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Internal Carotid Artery
What is structure 7?
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Vertebral Artery
What is structure 1?
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Common Carotid Arteries
What is structure 2?
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Right Subclavian Artery
What is structure 3?
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Left Subclavian Artery
What is structure 4?
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Brachiocephalic Trunk
What is structure 5?
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Vertebral Artery
What is structure 6?
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Axillary Artery
What is structure 7?
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Brachial Artery
What is structure 8?
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Radial Artery
What is structure 9?
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Ulnar Artery
What is structure 1?
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Celiac Trunk
What is structure 2?
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Common Hepatic Artery
What is structure 3?
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Right Gastric Artery
What is structure 4?
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Superior Mesenteric Artery
What is structure 5?
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Right Gastroepiploic Artery
What is structure 6?
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Left Gastroepipolic Artery
What is structure 7?
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Left Gastric Artery
What is structure 8?
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Splenic Artery
What is structure 1?
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Celiac Trunk
What is structure 2?
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Renal Artery
What is structure 3?
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Superior Mesenteric Artery
What is structure 4?
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Inferior Mesenteric Artery
What is structure 5?
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Common Iliac Artery
What is structure 1?
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Celiac Trunk
What is structure 2?
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Superior Mesenteric Artery
What is structure 3?
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Inferior Mesenteric Artery
What is structure 4?
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Left Common Iliac Artery
What is structure 1?
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Common Iliac Artery
What is structure 2?
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Internal Iliac Artery
What is structure 3?
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External Iliac Artery
What is structure 4?
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Femoral Artery
What is structure 5?
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Popliteal Artery
What is structure 6?
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Anterior Tibial Artery
What is structure 7?
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Posterior Tibial Artery
What is structure 1?
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Common Iliac Vein
What is structure 2?
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Internal Iliac Vein
What is structure 3?
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External Iliac Vein
What is structure 4?
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Femoral Vein
What is structure 1?
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Hepatic Veins
What is structure 2?
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Inferior Vena Cava
What is structure 3?
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External Iliac Vein
What is structure 4?
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Internal Iliac Vein
What is structure 5?
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Common Iliac Vein
What is structure 6?
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Renal Veins
What is structure 1?
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External Jugular Vein
What is structure 2?
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Internal Jugular Vein
What is structure 3?
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Brachiocephalic Vein
What is structure 4?
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Subclavian Vein
What is structure 5?
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Superior Vena Cava
What is structure 1?
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Brachiocephalic Veins
What is structure 2?
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Right Subclavian Vein
What is structure 3?
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Axillary Vein
What is structure 4?
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Inferior Vena Cava
What is structure 5?
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Superior Vena Cava
What is structure 6?
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Left Subclavian Vein
What is structure 7?
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External Jugular Vein
What is structure 8?
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Internal Jugular Vein
What is structure 1?
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Hepatic Veins
What is structure 2?
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Hepatic Portal Vein
What is structure 3?
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Superior Mesenteric Vein
What is structure 4?
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Inferior Mesenteric Vein
What is structure 5?
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Gastric Veins