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Bio40a > Lab midterm Bio40B > Flashcards

Lab midterm Bio40B Flashcards

1
Q

Components of a reflex arc:

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory Neuron
  3. Integration center
  4. Motor Neuron
  5. Effector

AKA…..R.S.I.M.E

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2
Q

Somatic spinal reflexes:

A
  1. Stretch reflexes
  2. Crossed extensor reflexes
  3. Superficial cord reflexes
  4. Cranial nerve reflexes
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3
Q

Longitudinal Fissure:

A

Divides the cerebral hemisphere into right and left

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4
Q

Transverse Fissure

A

Divides cerebrum from the cerebellum

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5
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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6
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and part of the parietal lobe

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7
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

divides the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

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8
Q

Protections of the spinal cord:

A
  1. Vertebrae
  2. Meninges: Dura mater; arachnoid mater; Pia mater
  3. Cerebrospinal Fluid
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9
Q

Two grooves run the length of the SC

A
  • Posterior median sulcus

- Anterior median fissure

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10
Q

White matter(SC)

A
  • Composed of myelinated and unmyelinated axons
  • Allows communication between SC and brain
  • Classified by type: ascending fibers: descending fibers; commissural fibers
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11
Q

Gray matter(SC): shaped like the letter H

A
  • Dorsal horns: consist of interneurons
  • Ventral and Lateral horns: contain cell bodies of motor neurons
  • Gray commissure: contains central canal
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12
Q

Ventral roots

A

arise from the anterior horn and contain motor fibers(efferent)

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13
Q

Dorsal roots

A

arise from sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and contain sensory fibers(afferent)

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14
Q

Cervical plexus: C1-C5

A

includes phrenic nerve

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15
Q

Brachial plexus: C5-T1

A

includes axillary nerve, Ulnar nerve, median nerve, radial nerve

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16
Q

Lumbar plexus: L1-L4

A

femoral nerve

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17
Q

Sacral plexus: L4-S4

A

Sciatic nerve

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18
Q

Pupillary light reflex:

A

Tests for optic nerve II and III

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19
Q

Eye layers

A
  1. Fibrous layer
  2. Vascular layer
  3. Sensory layer; Retina
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20
Q

Fibrous layer(eye)

A

Sclera and Cornea

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21
Q

Vascular layer(eye)

A

Choroid, Ciliary body and Iris

22
Q

Sensory layer; Retina

A

Pigmented layer; Neural layer

23
Q

Ciliary muscle(eye)

A

changes lens thickness to allow light to be properly focused on the retina

24
Q

Vitreous humor in posterior segment(eye)

A

Jellylike, transmits light< maintain shape of eyeball and holds the retina in place

25
Q

Aqueous humor in Anterior segment(eye)

A

filled with liquid, replaced continuously, brings nutrients

26
Q

Sensory layer(Retina) contains photoreceptors:

A
  1. Rods
  2. Cones
  3. Signals leave the retina toward the brain through the optic nerve
27
Q

What is the sclera?

A

White outer layer of eyeball. At the front of eye it is continuous with the cornea

28
Q

What is the cornea and what does it do?

A

Acts as outermost lens. The aperture

29
Q

What is the function of the Optic nerve?

A

Transfer visual information from retina to vision centers in brain via electrical impulses

30
Q

What does the Iris do?

A

responsible for controlling diameter and size of pupil and thus amount of light reaching retina. Eye color is defined by that of Iris

31
Q

What is the Pupil?

A

Light enters the eye through the pupil

32
Q

What is the function of the Ciliary muscle?

A

fibers that suspend the lens in position during accommodation, enabling changes in lens shape for light focusing

33
Q

What does the Lens do?

A

Helps to focus light and images on your retina

34
Q

What is the Vitreous humor?

A

transparent jellylike tissue filling the eyeball behind the lens

35
Q

Where is the blind spot located?

A

where the optic disc is located(aka the optic nerve head).

36
Q

What is the Retina?

A

Layer at back of eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve

37
Q

What is the function of the Tapetum?

A

retroreflector. reflex visible light back through the retina.

38
Q

Do humans have a Tapetum layer?

A

Humans do not have a Tapetum layer

39
Q

Which structure is made up of circular and radial smooth muscles?

A

Ciliary body

40
Q

The lens divides the eye into:

A

Anterior and Posterior chambers

41
Q

Choose the correct answer
A. Cataract is when the lens becomes more opaque.
B. Cataract is when the aqueous humor does not drain well

A

A

42
Q

Where is the origin of the Optic nerve?

A

Retina

43
Q

Lamellar or Pacinian corpuscles

A

responsible for sensitivity to vibrations and pressure

44
Q

Rods and cones. Highest concentration of these are located in:

A

The Macula

45
Q

The suspensory ligaments and ciliary muscle control the shape of the following structure:

A

Lens

46
Q

Monosynaptic reflexes:

A

Sensory neuron synapse directly on a motor neuron(no interneuron).

47
Q

Polysynaptic reflexes:

A

at least one interneuron between the sensory and motor neuron

48
Q

Ipsilateral reflexes:

A

A reflex response that effects the same side as the stimulus

49
Q

Contralateral reflexes:

A

A reflex that affects the opposite side of the body from the stimulus

50
Q

Consensual reflex:

A

Occurs on both sided of the body at the same time.

51
Q

Intersegmental reflex:

A

The integration occurs at different levels in the spinal cord.

Bio40a (11 decks)

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