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Bio40a > Joints & Muscles > Flashcards

Joints & Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is Abduction?

A

movement away from the midline, or the fanning movement of fingers or toes when they are spread out.

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2
Q

What is Adduction?

A

opposite of abduction is the movement towards the midline or drawing the fingers or toes together.

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3
Q

What is Circumduction? part 1/2

A

occurs as a result of a continuous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction, usually ball and socket joints.

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4
Q

What is Circumduction? part 2/2

A

Circumduction refers to movement of the distal end of a part of the body in a circle, while the proximal part remains stationary.

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5
Q

Rotation refers to…

A

a bone revolving around its own longitudinal axis: Turning the head from side to side as when you shake your head “no”Occurs in ball and socket joints and movement of the atlas around the dens of the axis.

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6
Q

What is Pronation?

A

movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned downward.The distal end of the radius moves across the ulna so that the bones form an X .

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7
Q

What is Supination?

A

movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned upward (anatomical position). The radius and ulna are parallel during supination.

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8
Q

What is Opposition?

A

movement of our magnificent opposable thumb across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand.

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9
Q

What is Inversion?

A

movement of the foot that turns the sole of the foot medially.

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10
Q

What is Eversion?

A

movement that turns the sole of the foot laterally.

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11
Q

What is Dorsiflexion?

A

bending of the foot at the ankle in an upward direction.

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12
Q

What is Plantar Flexion?

A

bending the foot at the ankle in a downward direction, as if standing on one’s toes or pointing the toes.

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13
Q

What is Elevation?

A

upward movement of a body part. i.e…closing the mouth

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14
Q

What is Depression?

A

downward movement of a body part. i.e…opening of the mouth

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15
Q

What is Protraction?

A

movement of a body part anteriorly, while retraction is movement back to normal. i.e..Thrusting the mandible outward

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16
Q

Origin (usually proximal):

A

attachment of a muscle tendon to the stationary bone

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17
Q

Insertion (usually distal):

A

attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone, or the skin in case of muscles of facial expression

18
Q

Action/s:

A

main movements that occur when the muscle contracts

19
Q

Prime mover (agonist)

A

major responsibility for a certain movement

20
Q

Antagonist:

A

opposes or reverses a movement

21
Q

Synergist:

A

helps the prime mover
–By adding extra force
–By reducing undesirable movements
–Fixator: type of synergist that holds a bone firmly in place

22
Q

Biceps:

A

Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radius
Action: pronate and flex the arm

23
Q

Triceps:

A

ORIGIN:Scapula near shoulder joint Upper lateral and posterior sites of humerus Posterior surface of humerus INSERTION: Back of olecranon process of ulna
ACTION: Straighten (extend) the arm

24
Q

Fixator muscles

A

type of synergist muscle that are used to steady the proximal joints of a prime mover.
Ex: Shoulder stabilizers for the forearm flexors

25
Q

Circular –fascicles

A

arranged in concentric rings
–Surround external body openings
–Sphincter: general name for a circular muscle–Examples: Orbicularis orisand orbicularis oculi

26
Q

Frontalis

A
  • Draws scalp forwardRaises eyebrowsWrinkles forehead
  • Origin: from the epicranialaponeurosis
  • Insertion: skin of eyebrowsand root of nose.
27
Q

Occipitalis

A
  • Draws scalp backward Posteriorly.
  • Origin: occipital bone
  • Insertion: epicranialaponeurosis.
28
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A 
Closes the eye, and blinking.
It is a tripartite sphincter muscle.
Origins: Frontal and maxillary bones.
Inserted in the tissue of eyelid.
*Blink your eyes, wink, brings eyebrows inferiorly, You are contracting orbicularis oculi
29
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

–Action: Closes and protrudes lips for kissing and whistling
–Origin: Surrounding the opening of the mouth
–Insertion: The skin at the corner angles of the mouth
*Close your lips and pucker up. This requires contraction of Orbicularis Oris..

30
Q

Zygomaticus major

A
  • Draws angle of mouth up= Smile

* Inserted at skin and muscle at corner of mouth

31
Q

Platysma:

A

•Unpaired sheet like superficial muscle, tenses the skin of the neck and depresses mandible, pulls lower lip back.

32
Q

muscles of mastication

A

Muscles that move the mandible (lower jaw)

33
Q

Four main pairs of muscles involved in mastication:

    -Innervated by mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
A 
•Masseter and temporalis
    ~Prime movers of jaw closure
•Pterygoid muscles  
    ~Side-to-side movement
•Buccinator muscles    
   ~Compression of cheeks
34
Q

Masseter

A

Covers lateral aspects of mandibular ramus, can be palpated on forcible closure of jaws.
–Origin: Maxilla and zygomatic arch
–Insertion: Mandible ramus and angle
–Action: Prime Mover of Jaw. Closes the mouth, by elevating the Mandible.
–Clench your teeth and palpate the angle of the jaw.

35
Q

Temporalis

-Fan shape muscle lies over parts of frontal, parietal, and temporal bones

A
  • Elevates Mandible
  • Origin: Temporal fossa
  • Insertion: Mandible
  • Place your hands on your temples and clench your teeth.
36
Q

Buccinator

-Principal muscle of cheek. Runs horizontally deep to the masseter.

A
  • Compresses cheek
  • Cave in like suckling straw
  • Origin: maxilla and Mandible
  • Insertion: Orbicularis Oris
37
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A 
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
•Head movement: 
 —most prominent neck muscle
–Sternal head
–Clavicular head
38
Q

Deep to the sternocleidomastoid

A

–Common carotid artery

–Internal jugular vein

39
Q

The sternocleidomastoid muscles divide the neck:

A

–Anterior triangle

–Posterior triangle

40
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (commonly abbreviated as SCM)

two headed muscle

A

–Origin: Clavicle and Manubrium of the sternum
–Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
–Action: Contraction of both muscles Flexes the cervical vertebrae Acting independently rotate the head toward shoulder on opposite site

41
Q

Pectoralis major prime mover of flexion, adduction and medially rotation.

A

–Origin: Clavicle and sternum
–Insertion: Proximal humerus
–Action: Adducts and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint

42
Q

Pectoralis minor beneath the Pectoralis major.

A

–Origin: Ribs 3–5
–Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
–Action: Internally rotates the shoulder

Bio40a (11 decks)

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