Lab mid-term

Question 1

Prokaryotes include…

Answer 1

bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaea

Question 2

cyanobacteria

Answer 2

a group of free-living photosynthesis bacteria. These bacteria lack chloroplasts, instead use stacks of thylakoid membranes to undergo photosynthesis.

Question 3

saprobic

Answer 3

when digestive enzymes are released outside the fungi and used to breakdown the food source.

Question 4

hyphae

Answer 4

fungi absorb what has been broken down using specialized thread-like filaments.

Question 5

mycelium

Answer 5

network of hyphae

Question 6

chitin

Answer 6

what fungi cell wall are composed of

Question 7

basidiocarp

Answer 7

the fruiting body of phylum Basidiomycota

Question 8

basidia

Answer 8

forms spores [Basidiocarp] among its gills

Question 9

conidiophore

Answer 9

some fungi, like penicillin, do not have gills or basidiocarps but instead have hyphae become large elongated cells called coenocytic hyphae called conidiophore.

Question 10

conidiospores

Answer 10

spores produced in conidiophore.

Question 11

protist

Answer 11

unicellular but eukaryotic organism.

Question 12

cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 12

the process of movement of cytosol, the liquid component of cytoplasm, and organelles throughout the colony. This movement allows the delivery of nutrients, genetic information, and other materials throughout the colony.

Question 13

Gel state

Answer 13

around the outer edge of the cell, the cytoplasm is firmer [cytoplasmic streaming]

Question 14

sol state

Answer 14

towards the interior of the cell, the cytoplasm is more fluid [cytoplasmic streaming]

Question 15

what do plant calls lack that animal cells don’t?

Answer 15

lysosomes, flagella, and centrioles.

Question 16

cellulose

Answer 16

makes up the plant cell wall.

Question 17

the typical bacterium contains:

Answer 17

cytoplasm, a circular strand of DNA, ribosomes, peptidoglycan cell wall, plasma membrane, fingerlike pili, one or more flagella, and a protective external capsule.

Question 18

sporulation

Answer 18

the process of spore production

Question 19

endospores

Answer 19

some bacteria are able to internally produce tough, resistant endospores that allow them to survive harsh conditions for long periods.

Question 20

this ability [endopores] is typical for two genera that cause bacteria:

Answer 20

1. clostridia

2. bacilli (don’t get this confused with the bacteria shape)

Question 21

clostridia

Answer 21

cause of botulism, tetanus, and gangrene

Question 22

bacilli

Answer 22

cause of anthrax, and some food poisoning. Don’t get this confused with bacteria shape.

Question 23

glycocalyx

Answer 23

protection against phagocytosis and attachment. It is made up of polysaccharides; however, the exact chemical composition can vary between different bacteria. Glycocalyx can be either a capsule or a slime layer.

Question 24

yeast is ____ and molds are ____

Answer 24

unicellular and multicellular

Question 25

dimorphic

Answer 25

the can only exist as a yeast or mold

Question 26

eudicots have stomas on the ____ of the leaf vs. monocot have them ______

Answer 26

monocots have thin leaves and have on both sides vs. eudicots have them on the bottom and have thick leaves