Lab mid-term Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryotes include…

A

bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaea

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2
Q

cyanobacteria

A

a group of free-living photosynthesis bacteria. These bacteria lack chloroplasts, instead use stacks of thylakoid membranes to undergo photosynthesis.

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3
Q

saprobic

A

when digestive enzymes are released outside the fungi and used to breakdown the food source.

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4
Q

hyphae

A

fungi absorb what has been broken down using specialized thread-like filaments.

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5
Q

mycelium

A

network of hyphae

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6
Q

chitin

A

what fungi cell wall are composed of

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7
Q

basidiocarp

A

the fruiting body of phylum Basidiomycota

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8
Q

basidia

A

forms spores [Basidiocarp] among its gills

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9
Q

conidiophore

A

some fungi, like penicillin, do not have gills or basidiocarps but instead have hyphae become large elongated cells called coenocytic hyphae called conidiophore.

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10
Q

conidiospores

A

spores produced in conidiophore.

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11
Q

protist

A

unicellular but eukaryotic organism.

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12
Q

cytoplasmic streaming

A

the process of movement of cytosol, the liquid component of cytoplasm, and organelles throughout the colony. This movement allows the delivery of nutrients, genetic information, and other materials throughout the colony.

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13
Q

Gel state

A

around the outer edge of the cell, the cytoplasm is firmer [cytoplasmic streaming]

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14
Q

sol state

A

towards the interior of the cell, the cytoplasm is more fluid [cytoplasmic streaming]

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15
Q

what do plant calls lack that animal cells don’t?

A

lysosomes, flagella, and centrioles.

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16
Q

cellulose

A

makes up the plant cell wall.

17
Q

the typical bacterium contains:

A

cytoplasm, a circular strand of DNA, ribosomes, peptidoglycan cell wall, plasma membrane, fingerlike pili, one or more flagella, and a protective external capsule.

18
Q

sporulation

A

the process of spore production

19
Q

endospores

A

some bacteria are able to internally produce tough, resistant endospores that allow them to survive harsh conditions for long periods.

20
Q

this ability [endopores] is typical for two genera that cause bacteria:

A
  1. clostridia

2. bacilli (don’t get this confused with the bacteria shape)

21
Q

clostridia

A

cause of botulism, tetanus, and gangrene

22
Q

bacilli

A

cause of anthrax, and some food poisoning. Don’t get this confused with bacteria shape.

23
Q

glycocalyx

A

protection against phagocytosis and attachment. It is made up of polysaccharides; however, the exact chemical composition can vary between different bacteria. Glycocalyx can be either a capsule or a slime layer.

24
Q

yeast is ____ and molds are ____

A

unicellular and multicellular

25
Q

dimorphic

A

the can only exist as a yeast or mold

26
Q

eudicots have stomas on the ____ of the leaf vs. monocot have them ______

A

monocots have thin leaves and have on both sides vs. eudicots have them on the bottom and have thick leaves