Evolution- Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Eusthenopteron

A
  1. A 385-million-year-old specimen

2. had advanced tetrapod features.

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2
Q

Panderichthys

A
  1. A 385-million-year- old fish
  2. long snout, flattened body shape, and eyes on top of the head (looked a little bit like a crocodile).
  3. has lungs and gills as well as opening that allowed
    water to enter through the top of the skull (possible indication of a shallow-water habitat.
  4. Dorsal and anal fins had been lost and the tail fin was much smaller than in Eusthenpteron
  5. It is a tetrapod fish
  6. Does not have neck
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3
Q

Tiktaalik

A
  1. means “large freshwater fish” in the language of the Nunavut Inuit tribe.
  2. The specimen were exquisitely preserved; even fishlike scales were clearly visible.
  3. Its paddle-like forelimbs were part fin, part foot.
  4. Its fin rays had not been replaced by toes
  5. It had well-developed gills like a fish, but a tetrapod-like neck.
  6. was a perfectly intermediate form.
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4
Q

Acanthostega

A
  1. more of a fishlike tetrapod
  2. Has neck, a structural modification that strengthened its backbone and skull, and four limbs with toes.
  3. Lived in shallow water and could breathe air
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5
Q

Ichthyostega

A
  1. ray-finned tail and flipper-like hand limbs
  2. spent considerable time in the water
  3. had neck (a feature advantageous for terrestrial life.
  4. was clearly a fish that lived 365 million years ago
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6
Q

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

A

-the oldest hominin yet discovered
-lived about 6.5 million years old
-

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7
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus

A

-4.4 million years old fossils

-

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8
Q

Ardipithecus

A
  • was a woodland creature that moved in the trees by walking along branches on the flat parts of its hands and feet
  • was equally capable of moving on the ground
  • and its skeletal features suggest that it walked upright.
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9
Q

afarensis

A
  • had small brain
  • walked on two legs
  • existed as a species for at least a million years
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10
Q

Australopithecus

A

-are bipedal (including A. afrcanus and A. anamensis
-were more like apes than humans
-

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11
Q

Homo Habilis

A
  • “handy man”
  • brain volume 510-690cm3
  • many H. Habilis age range from 1.6 to 2.8 million years
  • some appear more humanlike than others
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12
Q

Homo ergaster

A

-dating from 1.9 to 1.0 million years ago
–marks new stage in hominin evolution
-larger brain 750cm to 850 cm3
-created more sophisticated tools
limb proportions more similar to humans

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13
Q

Homo erectus

A

-“upright man”
-avarage brain volume increased to 940cm3
-first hominins to extend their range beyong Africa
became extinct at some point after 200,000 years ago.

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14
Q

Homo neanderthalensis

A
  • called Neanderthals
  • best known hominins
  • They had a brain even larger than ours and hunted big game with tools
  • Were living in Eurpoe as long as 350,000 years ago and later spread to the Near East
  • extinct by 39,000 years, the species was extinct
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