Lab markers, diagnostic signs, buzz words Flashcards
-AI
Cullen sign
Acute pancreatitis
Grey-Turner sign
Acute pancreatitis
CA 19-9
GB adenocarcinoma
HLA-DQ2
Celiac disease
tTGA IgA, EMA
Celiac disease
Cobblestoning
Crohn’s disease
Lead pipe
UC
Hasselbach’s
Direct inguinal hernia
High pitched tinkling sounds
Intestinal obstruction
Rome Criteria
12 w in past 12 months have 2/3 sxs:
- relieved by defecation
- change in frequency of stool
- change in form of stool
Technetium-99 radioisotop
Use in:
Meckel’s diverticulum
Grave’s Dz
CEA marker
CRC
GGT increased
cholestasis
alcoholism
AFP marker
hepatocellular carcinoma
diffuse ST elevation
acute pericarditis
irregularly irregular pulse
A fib
diastolic rumble
mitral or tricuspid stenosis
diastolic “opening snap”
mitral stenosis
crescendo-descrescendo ejection murmur
aortic or pulmonic stenosis
holosystolic murmur
mitral or tricuspid regurg
decrescendo diastolic murmuc
aortic or pulmonic regurg
LD1>LD2
MI
ApoA1 is good or bad
good
Apo B is good or bad
bad
Apoa is good or bad
bad
Delta wave
Wolff-Parkinson-White
anti microsomal =
TPOAb
Chvostek’s sign
Hypoparathyroidism
Facial movement
21-hydroxylase enzyme defect
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
acquired hemolytic anemia - warm
IgG
“gloves keep you warm”
acquired hemolytic anemia - cold
IgM
“mayonnaise should be cold”
direct and indirect coombs
Extravascular tests for hemolytic anemia
basophilic stippling
alpha-thalassemia
Heinz bodies and bite cells
G6PD
JAK2 mutation
Polycythemia vera
Increased PT (INR) and PTT
DIC
Prolonged PTT, normal INR
Hemophilia
VIII deficinecy
Hemophilia A
hemorrhage in the joints
Hemophilia A
IX deficiency
Hemophilia B
Normal INR and PTT w suden onset petechiae
ITP
Vitamin K factors
II, VII, IX, X, protein C & S
PT elevated
Vitamin K deficiency
Increased PTT
Von Willebrand disease
inability to stabilize facor VIII
von willebrand disease
Urine porphobilinogen
Acute intermittent porphyria
Ferrochelatase def
Erythropoietic protoporphyria
Roth and cotton wool spots
AML
Virgin B cells
CLL
Reed-sternberg cells
hodgkin lymphoma
M-spike
Punched out lytic lesions
Multiple myeloma
antigp120
HIV/AIDS
bamboo spine
Ankylosing spondylitis
Edrophonium test
Myasthenia gravis
Racoon eyes
Gottrons patches
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis
HLA B-27
Reactive arthritis
HLA-DR4
RA
anti-SSA/Ro
anti-SSB/LA
Sjogren
Schirmer test
Sjogren
HLA B8/DR
Anti-dsDNA
SLE
Anaphylaxis EPI dose
0.3-0.5 1:1,000 EPI IM
Anaphylaxis Diphenhydramine dose
50 mg IM or IV q 4-6 hrs
Pulm fungal infection east of the Mississippi
Blastomycosis
Valley fever
Cali
Will see after earthquakes
skin infxn = good prognosis
Coccidiodomycosis
Pulm fungal infection in Ohio and Mississippi
Histoplasmosis
Trachea deviates towards lesion
Atelectasis
Blue bloater
increased pCO2
chronic bronchitis
Pink puffer
reactive polycythemia
Emphysema
asbestos starts in: upper or lower lobes and takes _ years to develop sxs
lower
10 years
silicosis starts in: upper or lower lobes and takes _ years to develop sxs
upper
20 years
bronchopneumonia pathogen
atypical - patchy consolidation
mycoplasma
lobular pneumonia pathogen
streptococcus pneumonia
trachea deviates away from lesion
pneumothorax
pink frothy sputum
pulmonary edema
Homans sign
pulmonary embolism
discomfort while squeezing calf
pulmonary HTN values
> 25 at rest
>30 w exercise
non-caseating granulomas
sarcoidosis
Horner syndrome
pancoast tumor
IL lid lag, miosis (pinpoint pupil), IL anhidrosis
descending symmetric flaccid paralysis
botulism
Negi bodies
rabies
ascending and symmetrical motor weakness
Guillain-Barre
Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck test
Herpes zoster
examination of fluid from a bullae
muscle rigidity in a descending pattern
tetanus
worst HA of my life
cerebral aneurysm
seizure: unresponsive for 5-10 seconds can occur up to 100 times/day blinking eye-rolling
Absence seizure
aka petit mal
seizure: localized to one part of brain pt is aware UL muscle contraction lip smacking
Focal/partial seizure
seizure: prodrome of irritability tonic muscle contracts > violent jerking > tongue biting elevated serum CK
Generalized seizure
aka grand mal
degeneration of anterior horn cells (motor neurons)
ALS
Accumulation of defective proteins in neurons
Chorea
Hunington’s
CNS demyelination
MS
anterior horn destruction causing asymmetrical permanent muscles weakness
may also see fever
Post-polio syndrome
brain CA in frontal lobe
astrocytoma
CA in brain stem
Glioma
Tumors near meninges
meningioma
pustules w/ burning sensation and ruddy complexion
involves pilosebaceous units
Acne rosacea
multiple openings
larger than a boil
carbuncles
Tznack smear shows multinucleated giant epithelial cells
Herpes Simplex
Yellow honey crusted exudate, surround by erythema
Impetigo vulgarious (nonbullous)
Clear yellow turbid fluid, no surround erythema
Bullous impetigo
6 P’s: pruritic, polygonal, planar, purple, papules, plaques
Lichen planus
Pain out of proportion to clinical findings
Diagnosis made clinically and tx should begin ASAP
necrotizing fasciitis
Nits
Pediculosis (lice)
Lipoma description
moveable, soft, rubber
“stuck on” appearance
waxy papule appearance
seborrheic keratosis
Acanthosis nigricans is a marker of
insulin resistance
Eczema is a __ mediated rxn
and on __ surfaces
IgE
Flexor
Bull’s eye pattern
Erythema multiforme
Pemphigus vulgaris is a __ reaction
and is ___ (superficial or deep)
Type II
Superficial
Pemphigus pemphigoid is a __ reaction
and is ___ (superficial or deep)
Type II
Deep
Nikolsky’s sign
Asboe-Hansen sign
Pemphigus vulgaris
nikolsky (rubbing causes separation of epidermis)
asboe (lateral pressure to bulla causes it to extend laterally)
Auspitz sign
Psoriasis
Urticaria is a __ reaction
IgE
sandpaper-like texture
actinic keratosis
Most common malignancy in humans
BCC
red-purple papules that ulcerate
associated with immunodeficiency
Kaposi sarcoma
favors upper lip
BCC
favors lower lip
SCC
initially presents as non-healing ulcer
SCC
90% of breast cancer is in __
ductal epithelium
Screening mammography should be performed every __ years from ages __
2-3 years
50-74
Most aggressive breast cancer
inflammatory carcinoma
most common breast cancer
invasive ductal carcinoma
Mastitis pathogen
Staph aureus
Painless vaginal bleeding
Snowstorm appearance on US
increased hCG
Hyatidiform mole
Group B strep should be screen at __ weeks
35-37
Toxoplasmosis can be transmitted in __ trimester
third
T/F: TIBC is elevated in pregnant
True
Folate deficiency anemia can cause __ defects in __ trimester
Neural tube
First
Gestational diabetes can occur in ___ weeks and plasma glucose is > __
24-48
10.3
Polyhydraminos is > ___ cc of amniotic fluid and has __ x __ cm pocket of fluid on US
2000
8 x 8
In pregnancy:
HTN > 140/90
Proteinuria > 300
Pitting edema
Pre-eclampsia
Separation of placenta after 20 weeks
Abruptio placenta
Marginal placenta previa has a risk of __
hemorrhage
Painless bright red vaginal bleeding
Placenta Previa
Postpartum hemorrhage is a blood loss of ___
> 500 mL
Abortion likely happens prior to __ weeks
20
If pt has threatened abortion, what amount of blood loss warrants ER
2 pads w/ blood per hour
Bulls-eye rash
BL bell’s palsy
Lyme
HLA-B27
dactylitis
nail pitting
CASPAR criteria
Psoriatic arthritis
Paget disease has __ ALP and __ GGT
high
normal
T score for osteopenia and osteoporosis
penia: -2.5 to -1
porosis: < -2.5
In osteomalacia you see high or low of the following: Vit D Phosphate Ca ALP Parathyroid
Low D, phosphate and Ca
High ALP and parathyroid
Depuytrens involves which fingers and joints
MP and IP flexion
4, 5, 3
Trigger fingers involved
1, 3, 4
most common location for cervical disc herniation
C6-7
Most common location of cervical sponylosis
C5-6
Kyphosis cobb angle
> 45
Scoliosis angles for bracing and surgery
20-45 brace
>45 surgery
Sciatica involves
L4-S3
Spondylolisthesis involves
L5-S1
Kemp sign and CT myelogram to diagnose
Spinal stenosis
MSK mass that shows stippled or “popcorn” calcifications
Chondroma
Most common benign bone tumor
Osteochondroma
Onion-like skinning and moth-eaten appearance on XR
Ewings sarcoma
benign scrotal masses that are painful
hematocele
varicocele
benign scrotal masses that are painless
hydrocele
spermatocele
varicocele
Prostate CA occurs in the ___ zone
peripheral
Testicular CA is painful or painless?
Painless
Prehn’s sign is positive in __ and negative in ___
Epididymitis
Testicular torsion
List the male repro emergent conditions
Paraphimosis
Testicular torsion
Prostatitis
BPH occurs in the __ zone
transitional
Proliferative types of glomerulonephritis
IgA neph/ Berger’s
acute proliferative
membranoproliferative
Rapidly progressing
Non-proliferative types of glomerulonephritis
minimal-change
membranous
most common type of Ki stone
Calcium
Ca oxalate
Cystine
Uric acid
are from urine acidic or alkaline?
acidic
ca phosphate from urine too acidic or alkaline?
alkaline
which Ki stone cannot be seen on XR
Uric acid
Nephritic s/sx mneumonic
PHAROH proteinuria hematuria azotemia RBC casts Oliguria HTN
Nephrotic s/sx mneumonic
PALE proteinuria > 50 hypoAlbuminemia hyperLipidemia Edema
Kidney’s w/ moth eaten appearance on US
Polycystic Ki Disease
waxy casts on UA
renal failure
Hunner’s ulcers in cytoscopy is gold standard for:
interstitial cystitis
chocolate cysts and/or mulberry spots on laparoscopy
endometriosis
strawberry cervix
trichomoniasis
pressure on eyelid produces toothpaste-like secretion
chalazion
most common cause of reversible blindness
painless
cataracts
most common cause of permanent visual loss in elderly
macular degeneration
progressive central vision loss
macular degeneration
may see flashes of light, blackness in peripheral field, loss of central vision, floaters
retinal detachment
elevated intraocular pressure (>21)
NO redness or pain
Primary open angle glaucoma
extremely elevated intraocular pressure (>40)
Red AND painful
primary angle-closure glaucoma
microaneurysms in the eye is an early clinical sign of
diabetic retinopathy
sudden UL loss of vestibular function and hearing
Labyrinthitis
recurring episodic vertigo and low frequency hearing loss
meniere dz
2 forms of conduction hearing loss
AOM
Otosclerosis
Schwart’z sign
Carhart notch
Otosclerosis
schwart’z - faint pint TM
Carhart - audiometric artifact
pellagra is __ and associated with ___
Niacin def
Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis
Heberden’s nodes located on
DIP
Bouchard’s nodes located on
PIP
cogwheel rigidity
pill rolling
shuffling gait
Parkinson’s
For urinary incontinence you want to use a muscarinic agonist or antagonist
antagonist
use tolterodine
fifths disease
Parvovirus B19
slapped-cheek appearance
Erythema infectiosum
ABRUPT loss of fever, then RASH appears – pink pruritic maculopapules starting at neck and trunk
Roseola infantum
forchheimer’s spots
pink/discrete maculopapular rash, painful post LA
Rubella (German Measles)
Forchheimer’s spots = red spots in mouth
Paramyxovirus, 4 day pre and post rash – starts at hairline, 3 c’s: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
Rubeola (Measles)
Rash that spares the mouth, but has strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
R to L shunt (congenital heart defects)
Tetralogy of fallot
L to R shunt (congenital heart defects)
ASD
VSD
Coaractation
PDA
EDTA used to chelate
Lead
