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NPLEX 2 Flashcards > DONE: Physical Medicine > Flashcards

DONE: Physical Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

modality of choice for pain and edema

A

short wave diathermy: improves edema drainage and reduces pain after soft tissue injury (ankle, sprains, low back pain, and rotator cuff surgery), also improves wound healing

or sine wave

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2
Q

modality of choice for soft tissue healing

A

short wave diathermy: incisional wounds, pressure ulcers, burn-related injuries, tendon injuries

after surgical wound sites, SWD showed an increase in collagen formation, WBC infiltration, and phagocytosis, tendons showed increase tensile strength

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3
Q

modality of choice for bone healing

A

short wave diathermy: can accelerate the healing of bone fractures but NOT nonunion acute fractures

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4
Q

modality of choice for sxs of OA

A

short wave diathermy

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5
Q

contraindications of diathermy

A

implanted or transcutaneous neural stimulators (including pacemakers), pregnancy, metal implants and jewelry, malignancy, over the eyes, over the testes, over growing epiphyses

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6
Q

modality of choice for adhesions or trigger points

A

sine wave

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7
Q

modality of choice for muscle spasms, muscular atrophy, trigger points, restricted joint motion, passive exercise

A

sine wave

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8
Q

modality of choice for denervation, ischemia

A

sine wave

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9
Q

contraindications of sine wave

A

over the eye, brain hematoma, fracture, metallic implant, pregnany, pacemaker, cancerous lesion

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10
Q

modality of choice for pain reduction (muscle spasms, muscle exercise and re-education, circulation enhancement and edema reduction)

A

high voltage galvanism

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11
Q

contraindications of high voltage galvanism

A

low back or abdomen in pregnancy, neoplasms, pacemakers, over eyes brain or heart, over hemorrhage

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12
Q

modality of choice for stimulation of denervation of muscles, restricted joint motion

A

low voltage galvanism

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13
Q

modality of choice for arthritis, neuralgia, sprains, and strains

A

low voltage galvanism

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14
Q

modality of choice for acute and chronic pain

A

low voltage galvanism

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15
Q

modality of choice for pressure ulcers

A

low voltage galvanism

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16
Q

modality of choice for excessive scarring

A

low voltage galvanism

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17
Q

contraindications to low voltage galvanism

A

abd and pelvis in pregnancy, cancerous lesions, pacemaker, metallic implants, dont treat on a metal table, dont break the circuit suddenly

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18
Q

modality of choice for calcium deposits

A

acetate iontophoresis (-)

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19
Q

modality of choice for fungal infection

A

copper iontophoresis (+)

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20
Q

modality of choice for inflammation

A

dexmethasone phosphate iontophoresis (-)

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21
Q

modality of choice for local anesthetic

A

lidocaine iontophoresis (+)

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22
Q

modality of choice for muscle relaxant

A

magnesium iontophoresis (+)

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23
Q

modality of choice for dermal ulcers or wounds

A

zinc iontophoresis (+)

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24
Q

contraindications to iontophoresis

A

pacemaker, defibrillator, unstable arrhythmias, electrodes over carotid sinus, venous or arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis, pregnancy, malignant tumors, after application of heat/ice/US

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25
Q

modality of choice for pain relief/anesthetic effect

A

interferential current (stimulates the release of endorphins and blocks the transmission of pain impulses vis pain gate mechanism

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26
Q

modality of choice for tissue healing, swelling, inflammation

A

interferential current: increased blood flow

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27
Q

modality of choice for weak muscles due to injury

A

interferential current: muscle stimulation

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28
Q

contraindications to interferential current

A

recent surgeries, open wounds, abscesses, circulatory conditions, DVT, metal implants, over pacemakers, pregnant women low back or abdomen, local malignancy, fracture, areas of bone fusion

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29
Q

modality of choice for increasing wound healing or protein synthesis for regeneration of bone tissue

A

microcurrent

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30
Q

modality of choice for increasing lymphatic flow

A

microcurrent

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31
Q

modality of choice for sprains, strain, contusions

A

microcurrent

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32
Q

modality of choice for chronic and acute pain

A

microcurrent

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33
Q

modality of choice for OA

A

microcurrent

34
Q

contraindications for microcurrent

A

pain syndromes without an etiology, pregnancy, pacemakers, metal implants, infected wounds, malignant or benign tumors, eyes, carotid sinus, laryngeal musculature, over thorax/heart

35
Q

modality of choice for moderate to severe acute pain

A

TENS

36
Q

modality of choice for postoperative pain

A

TENS: can significantly reduce analgesic intake

37
Q

modality of choice for chronic pain such as OA

A

TENS: low back pain use still not established

38
Q

modality of choice for diabetic neuropathy

A

TENS

39
Q

contraindications for TENS

A

pacemaker, defibrillator, unstable arrhythmias, placement of electrodes over carotid sinus, venous or arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis, pregnancy (but OK during L/D), malignant tumors, pain control in (muscle/tendon tears, overuse or acute injury that requires healing)

40
Q

modality of choice for arthritis, chronic low back pain, fractures, peripheral neuropathy, muscle spasm, strains

A

IR

41
Q

modality of choice for skin infections

A

IR

42
Q

modality of choice for psoriasis

A

IR, UV radiation

43
Q

modality of choice for relaxing tissues before other physical therapies

A

IR

44
Q

modality of choice for raynauds disease or thrombophlebitis

A

IR

45
Q

contraindications to IR

A

photosensitivity, poor blood flow, hemorrhage, edema, gangrene, sunburn, fair skin, abdomen in pregnancy, eyes, infants, metal

46
Q

modality of choice for wound healing

A

UV radiation

47
Q

contraindications of UV radiation

A

eyes, skin cancer, pulmonary TB, kidney or liver disease, SLE, fever, photosensitizing meds and supplements, recent XR therapy

48
Q

modality of choice for healing chronic and acute woulds, pressure ulcers, tendons, and ligaments

A

lasers and lights

49
Q

modality of choice for RA

A

lasers and lights: short term relief of pain and morning stiffness due to reduced inflammayion or changes in nerve conduction/activation. evidence for OA is conflicting

50
Q

modality of choice for pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

A

lasers and lights: more research needed to confirm effectiveness on TBI and AD, but there is strong indication of mitigatin the neurodegeneration cascade

51
Q

modality of choice for fungal infection/onychomycosis

A

lasers and lights at 635 nm and 405 nm

52
Q

contraindications to lasers and lights

A

direct irradiation of eyes, malignancy, 4-6 mo after radiotherapy, over hemorrhaging regions, over thyroid or endocrine glands, abd area of women or pregnant women

53
Q

modality of choice before stretching of shortened soft tissue and to reduce pain

A

US (thermal effects): stretching should be applied during heating by US and maintained for 5-10 minutes after US is removed while tissue is cooling

54
Q

modality of choice for accelerating healing for dermal ulcers, surgical skin incisions, tendon injuries, bone fractures

A

US (nonthermal): alters membrane permeability, use very low dose US for bone healing

55
Q

modality of choice for carpal tunnel syndrome

A

US: pulsed

56
Q

contraindications to therapeutic US and phonophoresis

A

malignant tumor, pregnancy, near joint cement, pacemaker, defibrillator, thrombophlebitis, eyes, reproductive organs

cautions: breast implants, acute inflammation, epiphyseal plates, (high dose) fractures (high dose)

57
Q

which frequencies of US should be used for 1-2 cm depth and up to 5 cm depth and which intensity should be used with each to produce heat

A

1-2 cm: 3MHz: 0.5 W/cm2 intensity should produce heat in 2-3 minutes without discomfort
up to 5 cm: 1MHz: 1.5-2.0 W/cm2 intensity should produce heat in 2-3 minutes without discomfort

58
Q

which form of US duty cycle should be used to increase tissue temperature vs nonthermal effects?

A

thermal: 100% continuous
nonthermal: < 20% pulsed

59
Q

how many minutes should therapeutic US be used for, and after how many session should they see progress?

A

5-10 minutes for thermal or nonthermal

progress seen within 1-3 sessions (but chronic wounds and fractures take longer)

60
Q

modality of choice for localized inflammation of a tendon, bursa, or joint

A

phonophoresis

61
Q

medications used in phonophoresis

A

corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, dexamethasone), salicylates, anesthetics (lidocaine)

62
Q

modality of choice to decrease blood vessel distention, lymph drainage, decrease venous stasis, or edema

A

compression stockings or bandages

63
Q

modality of choice for sprains, strains, muscle spasms, edema, disc herniation, hypo-mobility, nerve root impingement, compression fractures

A

traction devices

64
Q

contraindications to traction devices

A

acute trauma, cancer, healing fracturs, osteoporosis, acute inflammation, joint instability, spinal cord compression

65
Q

hydrotherapy of choice for *chronic inflammation and muscle tension

A

hot applications

66
Q

hydrotherapy of choice for *acute inflammation, acute traumatic conditions, MSK conditions (arthritis, bursitis), trigger points, immediate treatment of minor burns

A

cold applications: reduction of inflammation and edema in first 24-48 hours

67
Q

hydrotherapy of choice for chronic inflammations, *infections, arthritis, pain, sore muscles

A

contrast applications

68
Q

contraindications to heat applications hydrotherapy

A

ischemia, bleeding disorders or hemorrhage, impaired sensation, inability to communicate or respond to pain, malignancy, acute trauma or inflammation, scare tissue, edema, atrophic skin, poor thermal regulation

69
Q

contraindications to cold applications hydrotherapy

A

cold intolerance or hypersensitivity (raynauds, etc), arterial insufficiency, cardiac or respiratory involvement, open wounds after 48 hours, cutaneous infection

70
Q

contraindications to contrast applications hydrotherapy

A

raynauds, cardiac disease, hypoesthesia

71
Q

modality of choice for stimulation of liver detox

A

castor oil

72
Q

modality of choice for constipation

A

castor oil

73
Q

modality of choice for uterine fibroids, PMS cramps

A

castor oil

74
Q

modality of choice for non-malignants ovarian cysts

A

castor oil

75
Q

contraindications to castor oil

A

malignant abdominal tumors, bleeding, pregnancy

76
Q

modality of choice for mobilization of intertissue fluids, reduction/modification of edema, increase blood flow, decrease muscle sore/stiffness, pain, relaxation, adhesions

A

massage

77
Q

absolute contraindications to massage/muscle energy technique

A

DVT, acute infection, bleeding, new or open wound

78
Q

relative contraindications to massage/muscle energy technique

A

incompletely healed scar tissue, fragile skin, calcified soft tissue, skin grafts, atrophic skin, inflamed tissue, malignancy, inflammatory muscle disease, pregnancy

79
Q

modality of choice for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

A

muscle energy technique

80
Q

ZZ. which home exercise program would most safely and effectively improve ROM in shoulder with bicipital tendonitis?

A

wall climbing shoulder exercises

NPLEX 2 Flashcards (13 decks)

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