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NPLEX 2 Flashcards > DONE: Orthopedic Tests > Flashcards

DONE: Orthopedic Tests Flashcards

listed alphabetically at first, then testing diagnosis at the end marked with ZZ.

1
Q

adam’s sign

A

+ = scoliosis is not improved with forward flexion

structural scoliosis

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2
Q

adson’s test

A

+ = disappearance of pulse with arm outstretched 45 degrees, head rotated and extended in the same direction of arm

tight anterior scalene or cervical rib impinging on brachial artery (thoracic outlet syndrome)

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3
Q

anterior and posterior drawer test

A

+ = excessive anterior or posterior motion while pushing/pulling on foot or knee

anterior or posterior talofibular ligament injury, ACL or PCL injury

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4
Q

apley’s compression and distraction test

A

+ = pain in knee while pt is prone and force exerted from heel to knee (or pulling up on thigh) and rotated internally and externally

lateral or medial meniscal injury (or ligament injury to the collateral ligaments/sprain rupture)

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5
Q

apley’s scratch test

A

+ = pt cannot touch fingers and pain is illicited in shoulder region while trying to clasp hands behind shoulder blades

rotator cuff tear, tendonitis, weak rotator cuff

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6
Q

apprehension test for patellar dislocation

A

+ = pain or shown apprehension while doc presses patella laterally and knee in 30 deg flexion

chronic patellar dislocation

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7
Q

ballotable patella test

A

+ = patella moves down then rebounds once pressure on the patella is removed, appearance of a floating or ballotable patella

moderate - severe effusion

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8
Q

bechterew’s test

A

+ = symptoms in the back of the leg while seated with a flexed neck and extending knees alone and/or together

sciatica

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9
Q

bounce home test

A

+ = knee pain when knee falls into extension or incomplete extension while doc holds the knee flexed

meniscal tear

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10
Q

braggard’s test

A

+ = shooting pain down sciatic nerve with leg in SLR and foot in dorsiflexion

extradural sciatic nerve irritation (IV disc herniation, nerve traction injury, piriformis syndrome, SI joint dysfunction)

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11
Q

bulge test

A

+ = ripple/bulge/refilling on the lateral aspect of the knee while doc smoothes hand across medial aspect, repeat on lateral side

minor joint effusion

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12
Q

burns’ bench test

A

+ = patient is not able to perform the test or overbalances when asking to bend forward and touch the floor while kneeling on a table

malingering (also perform Hoover’s)

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13
Q

cervical spine compression test

A

+ = BL or UL pain and altered sensation while pressing straight down on pts head

nerve root compression
straight down UL = inflammation
flexion UL = compression
contralateral flexion = contraction

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14
Q

cervical spine distraction test

A

+ = pain or relief of pain while pulling up on head

pain: soft tissue injury or non-contractile tissue injury
relief of pain: nerve root impingement

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15
Q

cozen’s test

A

+ = pain over the lateral epicondyle/extensor tendon as doc applies resistance while using extensors

lateral epicondylitis (tEnnis elbow - Extensors) or extensor tendonitis

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16
Q

dorsiflexion test

A

+ = doc cannot dorsiflex the foot while knee is flexed or extended

gastroc hypertonicity if unable while knee is flexed
soleus hypertonicity if unable while knee is flexed and extended

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17
Q

drop arm test (codmans)

A

+ = arm suddenly drops at 90 degrees while adducting slowly from 180 deg

rotator cuff tear

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18
Q

east’s test (roos)

A

+ = weakness of the arm, numbness and tingling of the hand, difficult to keep arm in the position (open and closes hands BL for 3 minutes in biceps flex)

thoracic outlet syndrome - neurological or restriction of arterial flow to the arm

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19
Q

ely’s test

A

+ = hip flexion on ipsilateral side with passive knee flexion to contralateral butt

tight rectus femoris muscles, lumbar lesion, contracture of tensor fascia latae

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20
Q

finkelstein’s test

A

+ = pain in the wrist as fist with thumb inside is ulnar deviated

de Quervian tenosynovitis

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21
Q

forefoot adduction test

A

+ = foot is unable to move into neutral position while holding calcaneus with one hand and attempting to move the forefoot to medial neutral position

structural foot defect in infants

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22
Q

forefoot squeeze test (mortons test)

A

+ = pain while squeezing metatarsal heads

stress fracture or mortons neuroma

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23
Q

gaenslens test

A

+ = pain in SI area as knee of affected side is brought to chest and other leg hangs off table

SI lesion, hip pathology, L4 nerve root lesion

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24
Q

glenohumeral apprehension test

A

+ = patient feels apprehension that the shoulder might dislocate as the examiner applies pressure to posterior shoulder as arm is externally rotated in bicep flex position (NOT PAIN, they must feel apprehension)

humeral head dislocation, rotator cuff damage, detachment of joint capsule from ligaments

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25
Q

hawkins kennedy test

A

+ = pain with internal rotation as the arm is held out in front of body with elbow flexed

supraspinatus tendon or bursa are compressed/impinged

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26
Q

hibb’s test

A

+ = pain when pt is prone, knee flexed and internally rotate (heel comes out)

pain in hip = hip joint pathology
pain in butt/pelvis = SI joint lesion, unstable spinal segment

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27
Q

homans sign

A

+ = pain in the calf muscle while extending knee and dorsiflexing the foot

DVT

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28
Q

hoover’s test

A

+ = non-active leg does not press down into your palm as you ask the pt to flex the other hip

malingering

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29
Q

kemp’s test

A

+ = pain while practitioner passively moves pt into flexion, rotation, lateral flexion, and extension

local pain = facet
radiating pain = nerve root irritation, esp if pain below the knees

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30
Q

kernig’s test

A

+ = resistance and pain on passive knee extension while hip is in 90 deg flexion

meningeal irritation - meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage

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31
Q

lachman’s test

A

+ = excessive movement or lack of a firm end-feel while doing quick little A/P drawers on knee when in 20deg flexion

ACL injury

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32
Q

lindner’s test

A

+ = pain in cervical spine, lumbar region and leg as doc flexes pts neck in supine position

disc lesion at level of pain

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33
Q

lippman’s test

A

+ = sharp pain as doc holds patients arm flexed 90 deg and palpating biceps tendon in the bicipital groove while pronating/supinating hand

bicipital tendonitis

34
Q

mcmurray’s test (reduction click

A

+ = snap or click with pain while medially/laterally rotating the tibia and extending the knee

  • *medial rotation w + = lateral meniscus tear
  • *lateral rotation w + = medial meniscal tear
35
Q

milgam’s test

A

+ = patient cannot hold feet 2 inches off the table for > 30 seconds

disc herniation, lumbar strain, weak abd or hip flexors

36
Q

mill’s test

A

+ = reproduction of pain at lateral epicondyle as patient uses flexors of wrist

lateral epicondylitis

37
Q

minor’s sign

A

+ = patient shifts weight to non-painful extremity while going from sit to stand

lumbosacral involvement - sciatica, sacro-iliac lesions, lumbosacral lesions, disc involvement

38
Q

nachlas’ test

A

+ = pain when pt is prone, knee is flexed to ipsilateral butt

pain in ipsilateral buttock or sacral area = SI disorder
pain in low back (sciatic like) = lower lumber L3/4 disorder
pain in upper lumbar area, groin or anterior thigh = tight quads or femoral nerve lesion

39
Q

neer test

A

+ = pain as arm is in thumbs down position and doc passively brings arm up to 180 deg in the scapular plane

supraspinatus tendon impingement or tendonitis

40
Q

ober’s test

A

+ = difficult adduction of affected knee, lateral knee pain on attempted adduction

tight, contracted, or inflamed TFL and IT band

41
Q

ortalani click

A

+ = clunk as the femoral head relocates anteriorly into the acetabulum (abduct and externally rotate the hips)

congenital hip dislocation

42
Q

patella femoral grinding test (clarks test)

A

+ = pain in the PFJ as doc holds space above patella and asks pt to flex quad

chondromalacia patella

43
Q

patrick’s test (FABER)

A

+ = groin or butt pain while Flex, ABducting, and ERotatng the patients hip

SI joint pain = SI joint dysfunction, sacroiliitis
groin pain = iliopsoas strain or bursitis, intraarticular hip disorders (hip impingement/femoral acetabular impingement, hip labral tear, hip loose bodies, hip chondral lesion, hip OA)

44
Q

pelvic rock test

A

+ = pain while compressing iliac crests toward midline

SI joint pathology

45
Q

phalen’s test

A

+ = pain while putting dorsum of hands together and holding for 30-60 seconds

carpal tunnel syndrome

46
Q

retinacular test

A

+ = DIP can not flex actively with or without holding the PIP straight

retinacular ligaments or capsule is tight
(if the DIP flexes while the PIP is also flexed the capsule is normal and it is just the retinacular ligament)

47
Q

shoulder depression test

A

+ = pain of nerve roots on side being compressed as downward pressure is applied to shoulder while flexing head to opposite side

brachial plexus lesions

48
Q

SLR (Lasegue’s test)

A

+ = pain when doc lifts pt’s leg with knee straight

<30 deg = scute spondylolisthesis, gluteal abscess, disc protrusion or extrusion, tumor, dural inflammation
30-70 deg = ipsilateral disc herniation L4-S1

49
Q

soto hall test

A

+ = pain while pressure is applied to sternum while other hand passively lifts the head

fracture, discopathy, herniation, supraspinatous ligament tear, dural sleeve adhesions

50
Q

speeds test

A

+ = pain in the bicipital groove as resistance is placed on arm as pt tries to abduct shoulder straight forward

bicipital tendonitis

51
Q

talor tilt test

A

+ = stress is felt on the calcaneofibular and anterior talofibular ligaments (adduction) or deltoid ligament (abduction)

torn calcaneofibular ligament or deltoid ligament, ligamentous instability

52
Q

telescoping sign

A

+ = excessive movement while pushing down on knee towards femur

congenital hip dislocation

53
Q

test for rigid or supple flat feet

A

arch absent in all positions (standing, standing on toes, and seated) = rigid flat feet

arch absent only while standing = supple flat feet

54
Q

thomas’ test

A

+ = extended leg comes off the table as the other knee is flexed into chest

tight hip flexor muscle

55
Q

thompsons (squeeze) test

A

+ = lack of plantar flexion of the ankle while squeezing gastroc

ruptured achilles tendon

56
Q

tibial torsion test

A

+ = angle > 18 degrees between the foot of a flexed knee (midline) and tibia

tibial torsion

57
Q

tinels test

A

+ = tingling or shooting pain while tapping over a nerve root

carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve palsy

58
Q

trendelenburg sign

A

+ = while standing on one leg, hip on the contralateral side of standing leg is dropping

weak glute med on standing leg

59
Q

valgus and varus stress test of the elbow or knee

A

+ = pain in contralateral ligament while pressing on medial or lateral collateral ligament of the elbow with elbow in slight flexion

medial or lateral collateral ligament pathology

60
Q

valsalva test

A

+ = pain in the back while valsalvaing

SOL (tumor, herniated disc)

61
Q

vertebral artery test

A

+ = dizziness, nausea, syncope, dysarthria, dysphagia, disturbances in hearing or vision, paresis, or paralysis while the head and neck are in passive extension and side flexion, rotated to ipsilateral side and held for 30 seconds to compress blood flow

vertebrobasilar ischemia

62
Q

wrights test

A

+ = pulses disappear when both arms are at 45 and 90 degree abduction above the head

spasm of pec minor causing compression of the brachial artery (thoracic outlet syndrome)

63
Q

yeoman’s test

A

+ = pain as the pt is prone and the doc flexes their knee to 90 deg while also extending the hip

SI joint dysfunction

64
Q

yergason’s test

A

+ = pain in the biceps tendon or tendon slipping out of groove as doc holds resistant force with sup/pronation

bicipital tendonitis, displaced biceps tendon, instability of biceps

65
Q

ZZ. Lachmans, anterior and posterior drawer, apleys distraction and compression, medial and lateral collateral tests

A

medial/lateral meniscus and ACL/PCL

66
Q

ZZ. positive adams

A

structural scoliosis
rib cage will be higher than the other when bending forward, convex side has a rib hump

Adam’s will be negative in postural scoliosis

67
Q

ZZ. positive bechterews, SLR at < 70deg aggravated by dorsiflexion, braggards, kernigs

A

sciatica

68
Q

ZZ. Positive cozen’s, mill’s

A

lateral epicondylitis

69
Q

ZZ. positive finkelstein’s - pain in first dorsal compartment

A

de Quervain tenodynovitis

70
Q

ZZ. positive forefoot squeeze test

A

mortons neuroma

71
Q

ZZ. positive ober test, point tenderness of lateral femoral epicondyle, reproducible pain with knee flexion to 30deg with varus stress

A

iliotibial knee syndrome

72
Q

ZZ. positive patellar apprehension test

A

patellar dislocation

73
Q

ZZ. positive patellar-femoral grinding test, bounce home test

A

chondromalacia patella

74
Q

ZZ. Positive Phalen’s and TInel’s

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

75
Q

ZZ. positive SLR, loss of ankle reflex and/or weak plantar flexion, numbness and pain can radiate down to the sole or outside of the foot

A

S1 nerve root entrapment

76
Q

ZZ. positive SLR, pain along front of the leg, weak extension of the leg at the knee, sensory loss about the knee, loss of knee-jerk reflex

A

L4 nerve root entrapment

77
Q

ZZ. positive SLR, pain along side of the leg, weak extension of the big toe, numbness and pain at the top of the foot

A

L5 nerve root entrapment

78
Q

ZZ. positive SLR, positive Kemp sign, pain not worse with valsava

A

spinal stenosis

79
Q

ZZ. Positive speed’s, Lippman’s, Yergason’s

A

Biceps tendinopathy

80
Q

ZZ. positive wrights, adsons, shoulder depression, easts/roos

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

NPLEX 2 Flashcards (13 decks)

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