Lab Final Flashcards
Uterus Menstrual
Phase 1
epithelium and cellular structure is gone
Gastrointestinal system: Pancreas
Exocrine
The portion of the pancreas that makes and secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. The exocrine components comprise more than 95% of the pancreatic mass.
Uterus Secretory
Phase 3
jagged
Uterus Proliferative
phase 2
entatct epithelium- round to oval shaped
Gastrointestinal system: Gall Bladder
The lamina propria is a thin layer of loose CT, which together with the epithelium, forms the mucosa. The muscularis is a layer of smooth muscular tissue that helps the gallbladder contract and squirt its bile into the bile duct.
Small vs Large Intestine
Velvety tissue lines the small intestine, which is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
The large intestine (colon or large bowel) is about 5 feet long and about 3 inches in diameter. The colon absorbs water from wastes, creating stool
Adipose description
loose fibrous connective tissue packed with many cells (called “adipocytes”). Each adipocyte cell is filled with a single large droplet of triglyceride (fat).
Cuboidal Epithelium
Location: lining of kidney tubules, ducts of glands, germinal surface of ovary, thyroid parafollicular cells
Columnar Epithelium
Location: lines digestive tract, gallbladder, lining of uterus
Jejunum which is in small intestine
Smooth Muscle
No striations
involuntary
Small intestine
The small intestine is the part of the intestines where 90% of the digestion and absorption of food occurs,
A distinctive feature of the jejunum and ileum is the lack of glands in the submucosa. The mucosa is characterized by numerous fingerlike villi that protrude into the lumen of the intestine.
Endocrine system: Adrenal Gland
elating to or denoting a pair of ductless glands situated above the kidneys. Each consists of a core region ( adrenal medulla ) secreting:
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine, and an outer region (adrenal cortex) secreting corticosteroids.
Elastic cartilage
Resembles hyaline cartilage in its chondrocytes, but it’s matrix includes abundant elastic fibers
Location: ear, epiglottis
Endocrine System: Pituitary
major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
Respiratory: Trachea
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Four layers of tissues make up the walls of the trachea: The mucosa is the innermost layer and consists of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with many goblet cells.
Renal System: Urethra
Stratified Squamous
Dense Irregular CT
Dense irregular CT has fibers that are NOT arranged in parallel bundles as in dense regular connective tissue. Dense irregular CT consists of mostly collagen fibers. It has less ground substance than loose CT.
Location: dermis of the skin, the walls of large tubular organs, glandular tissue, and in organ capsules.
Testes
Endocrine system: Pancreas
Although it is primarily an exocrine gland, secreting a variety of digestive enzymes, the pancreas has an endocrine function. Its pancreatic islets—clusters of cells formerly known as the islets of Langerhans—secrete the hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
Exocrine pancreas, the portion of the pancreas that makes and secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.
Gastrointestinal system: Liver
The liver is an accessory digestive gland that produces bile
Each lobule is made up of millions of hepatic cells (hepatocytes), which are the basic metabolic cells.
The lobules are held together by a fine, dense, irregular, fibroelastic connective tissue layer which extends from the fibrous capsule covering the entire liver known as Glisson’s capsule.
Endocrine system: Pancreas: Photo of Islets of Langerhans
Dense Regular CT
Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Look like parallel lines
Location: tendons and ligaments
Ovary
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. Only one layer is in contact with the basement membrane
Lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina
Renal System: Kidney:
The cortex and medulla make up the parenchyma, or functional tissue, of the kidney. The central region of the kidney contains the renal pelvis, which is located in the renal sinus, and is continuous with the ureter. The renal pelvis is a large cavity that collects the urine as it is produced.
Large Intestine
No villi
Many Goblets (mucus)
Many surface absorptive cells (aborb water)
Endocrine system: Parathyroid
The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands, located in the neck, that control the body’s calcium levels. Each gland is about the size of a grain of rice The parathyroids produce a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Gastrointestinal system: Pancreas
The endocrine cells of the pancreas form clusters scattered among the acinar cells; these are the Islets of Langerhans.
These ducts all empty into the pancreatic duct, which in turn carries the digestive enzymes to the small intestine.
Transitional Epithelium
Renal System: Bladder
many layers of cells that change shape in resonse to tension
Location: urethra and urinary bladder, renal pelvis
Looks like a flower -Multiple circular layers of epithelial cells
Skeletal muscle
very long multinucleated cells with cross sections. (vertical parallel fibers on slide)
Hyaline cartilage
In trachea
Most widespread in body: ribs, joints, etc
a translucent bluish-white type of cartilage present in the joints, the respiratory tract, and the immature skeleton.
-inside the “rainbow” is extracellular matrix and lacuna
Cardiac Muscle
Pink
Found only in the heart
Longitudinal sections of cardiac muscle
Nuclei are in the center of muscle fibers and widely spaced intercalated discs
-More organized than skeletal muscle
Endocrine system: Thyroid
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that control the speed of your metabolism – the system that helps the body use energy. Thyroid disorders can slow down or rev up metabolism by disrupting the production of thyroid hormones.
Gastrointestinal system: Esophagus
connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane.
Respiratory: Lung
Artery and Vein
vein will be collapsed on slide
Fibrocartilage
Invertertabral Discs
Human Growth Hormone
HGH
(from anterior Pituitary Gland)
in the Liver
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
ACTH
(Anterior Pituitary Gland)
adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, such as aldosterone and cortisol
In the adrenal CORTEX
(targets outer portion of adrenal gland (cortex)
Prolactin
(from anterior Pituitary Gland)
in Mammary Glands
Follice Stimulating Hormone
FSH
(from anterior Pituitary Gland)
- stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle and ovum
- stimulates maturation of sperm in testes
- This is a gonadotropin
Luteinizing Hormone
LH
(from anterior Pituitary Gland)
causes ovulation and secretion of testosteron
also a gonadotropin
ADH
Made in supraoptic nuclei of Hypothalamus
-Targets collecting ducts of kidneys
Oxytocin
OT
targets uterine muscle contraction and milk Secretion
In paraventricular nuclei
T4 (Thryroxine) and T3 (Triiodothyronine)
and
Calcitonin
in Thyroid gland
Parathyroid Hormone
(increases blood calcium levels)
in parathyroid gland
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
(these are catecholamines)
Adrenal GLANDS (“suprarenals”)
Endocrine Cells:
Insulin (produced by Beta cells)
and Glucagon (Alpha cells)
Both hormones are produced in Islets of Langerhans of Pancreas
Glomerulus of Kidney
Tiny ball of capillary blood vessels involved in filtration of blood to form Urine.
Basic filtration unit of the kidney.
(GFR) is the rate at which blood is filtered through all of the glomeruli
Simple cuboidal epithelium in kidney tubules
Kidney structure
Representative Nephron
Know ascending and descending loop
Renal Capsule of Kidney
