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A & P Lab > Lab Exam 3: Histology Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Lab Exam 3: Histology Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

tissues

A

group of cells that are similar in structure and function

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2
Q

4 main types of tissue

A

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

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3
Q

tissues are organized into

A

organs

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4
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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5
Q

levels of structural organization (small to big)

A 
chemicals
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
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6
Q

epithelial tissue (epithelium)

A

sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

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7
Q

How does epithelial tissue appear in the body (2)

A
  1. covering and lining epithelium

2. glandular epithelium

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8
Q

functions of epithelium

A 
protection
absorption
filtration
excretion
secretion
sensory reception
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9
Q

Defining characteristics of epithelial tissue (5)

A 
polarity
specialized contacts
supported by connective tissue
avascular but innervated
regeneration
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10
Q

polarity of epithelial tissue

A

membranes always have one free surface (apical surface) which is significantly different from the basal surface

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11
Q

specialized contacts of epithelial tissue

A

cells fit closely together to form membranes, or sheets of cells, and are bound together by specialized junctions

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12
Q

supported by connective tissue: epithelial tissue

A

cells attached and supported by basement membrane that lie next to eachother

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13
Q

basement membrane

A

an acellular material material secreted partly by epithelial cells and connective tissue cells

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14
Q

avascular but innervated: epithelial tissue

A

supplied by nerves but have NO blood supply of their own

depend on diffusion of nutrients from underlying connective tissue

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15
Q

regeneration: epithelial tissue

A

if well nourished they can divide to regenerate tissue

important because epithelium subject to lots of abrasion

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16
Q

2 criteria for identifying epithelial tissue

A

arrangement/ relative number of layers and cell shape

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17
Q

arrangement classification epithelial tissue

A

simple or stratified

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18
Q

simple epithelial tissue

A

one layer of cells attached to the basement membrane

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19
Q

stratified epithelial tissue

A

2 or more layers of cells

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20
Q

cell shape classification epithelial tissue

A

squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

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21
Q

2 additional categorized type of epithelia

A

pseudostratified and transitional

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22
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

simple columnar epithelium, but cells vary in height and the nuclei lie at different levels it gives false appearance of being stratified
often ciliated

23
Q

transitional epithelium

A

stratified squamous, ability to slide over one another to allow organ to be stretched
ONLY in urinary system organs subject to stretch (bladder)
superficial cells flattened when organ full and rounded when organs empty

24
Q

role of glandular epithelium

A

remove materials from the blood and manufacture them into new materials which they then secrete

25
Q

two types of epithelial glands

A

endocrine and exocrine

26
Q

which gland is referred to as a ductless gland

A

endocrine

27
Q

endocrine glands

A

lose their surface connection as they develop (ductless)

secrete hormones into extracellular fluid and from there hormones enter blood or lymphatic vessels

28
Q

exocrine glands

A

retain their ducts
secretions empty through ducts to body surface or body cavities
sweat and oil glands, liver and pancreas

29
Q

single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm
simplest of the epithelia

A

description of simple squamous epithelium

30
Q

allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important. Secretes lubricating substances in serosae

A

function of simple squamous epithelium

31
Q

in kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

A

location of simple squamous epithelium

32
Q

single layer of cube like cells with large spherical central nuclei

A

description of simple cuboidal epithelium

33
Q

function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

secretion and absorption

34
Q

in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands. Ovary surface

A

location of simple cuboidal epithelium

35
Q

single layer of tall cells with round/oval nuclei. Some have cilia. Layer may have mucous-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

A

description of simple columnar epithelium

36
Q

absorption, secretion of mucous, enzymes. Ciliated type propels mucous by ciliary action

A

function of simple columnar epithelium

37
Q

Nonciliated: lines digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands:
Ciliated: lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus

A

location of simple cuboidal epithelium

38
Q

epithelium with goblet cells

A

simple cuboidal

39
Q

single layer of cells of differing heights, some do not reach free surface. Nuclei seen at diff levels. May have mucous secreting goblet cells and have cilia

A

description of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

40
Q

function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

secretion - mucous

propulsion of mucous by ciliary action

41
Q

Nonciliated: in male sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands
Ciliated: lines trachea!!! - most of upper respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

42
Q

thick membrane of many cell layers.
Basal cells - cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active. Active in mitosis and produce cells of superficial layers
surface cells-squamous
keratinized: surface cells full of keratin and dead

A

function of stratified squamous epithelium

43
Q

function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

protects underlying tissue in areas subjected to abrasion

44
Q

Nonkeratinized: moist linings of esophagus, mouth, vagina
Keratinized: epidermis of skin, dry membrane

A

location of stratified squamous epithelium

45
Q

generally two layers of cube like cells

A

description of stratified cuboidal epithelium

46
Q

function is protection

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

47
Q

in the largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands

A

location of stratified cuboidal epithelium

48
Q

several cell layers
basal cells: cuboidal
superficial cells: elongated and columnar

A

description of stratified columnar epithelium

49
Q

function of stratified columnar epithelium

A

protection and secretion

50
Q

location of stratified columnar epithelium

A

rare in body

small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

51
Q

resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal
basal cells: cuboidal or columnar
surface cells: dome shaped or squamous depending on organ stretch

A

description of transitional epithelium

52
Q

function of transitional epithelium

A

stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine

53
Q

location of transitional epithelium

A

lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

A & P Lab (12 decks)

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