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A & P Lab > Lab Exam 3: Histology Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Lab Exam 3: Histology Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

tissues

A

group of cells that are similar in structure and function

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2
Q

4 main types of tissue

A

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

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3
Q

tissues are organized into

A

organs

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4
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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5
Q

levels of structural organization (small to big)

A 
chemicals
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
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6
Q

epithelial tissue (epithelium)

A

sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

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7
Q

How does epithelial tissue appear in the body (2)

A
  1. covering and lining epithelium

2. glandular epithelium

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8
Q

functions of epithelium

A 
protection
absorption
filtration
excretion
secretion
sensory reception
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9
Q

Defining characteristics of epithelial tissue (5)

A 
polarity
specialized contacts
supported by connective tissue
avascular but innervated
regeneration
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10
Q

polarity of epithelial tissue

A

membranes always have one free surface (apical surface) which is significantly different from the basal surface

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11
Q

specialized contacts of epithelial tissue

A

cells fit closely together to form membranes, or sheets of cells, and are bound together by specialized junctions

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12
Q

supported by connective tissue: epithelial tissue

A

cells attached and supported by basement membrane that lie next to eachother

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13
Q

basement membrane

A

an acellular material material secreted partly by epithelial cells and connective tissue cells

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14
Q

avascular but innervated: epithelial tissue

A

supplied by nerves but have NO blood supply of their own

depend on diffusion of nutrients from underlying connective tissue

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15
Q

regeneration: epithelial tissue

A

if well nourished they can divide to regenerate tissue

important because epithelium subject to lots of abrasion

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16
Q

2 criteria for identifying epithelial tissue

A

arrangement/ relative number of layers and cell shape

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17
Q

arrangement classification epithelial tissue

A

simple or stratified

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18
Q

simple epithelial tissue

A

one layer of cells attached to the basement membrane

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19
Q

stratified epithelial tissue

A

2 or more layers of cells

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20
Q

cell shape classification epithelial tissue

A

squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

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21
Q

2 additional categorized type of epithelia

A

pseudostratified and transitional

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22
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

simple columnar epithelium, but cells vary in height and the nuclei lie at different levels it gives false appearance of being stratified
often ciliated

23
Q

transitional epithelium

A

stratified squamous, ability to slide over one another to allow organ to be stretched
ONLY in urinary system organs subject to stretch (bladder)
superficial cells flattened when organ full and rounded when organs empty

24
Q

role of glandular epithelium

A

remove materials from the blood and manufacture them into new materials which they then secrete

25
two types of epithelial glands
endocrine and exocrine
26
which gland is referred to as a ductless gland
endocrine
27
endocrine glands
lose their surface connection as they develop (ductless) | secrete hormones into extracellular fluid and from there hormones enter blood or lymphatic vessels
28
exocrine glands
retain their ducts secretions empty through ducts to body surface or body cavities sweat and oil glands, liver and pancreas
29
single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm simplest of the epithelia
description of simple squamous epithelium
30
allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important. Secretes lubricating substances in serosae
function of simple squamous epithelium
31
in kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)
location of simple squamous epithelium
32
single layer of cube like cells with large spherical central nuclei
description of simple cuboidal epithelium
33
function of simple cuboidal epithelium
secretion and absorption
34
in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands. Ovary surface
location of simple cuboidal epithelium
35
single layer of tall cells with round/oval nuclei. Some have cilia. Layer may have mucous-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)
description of simple columnar epithelium
36
absorption, secretion of mucous, enzymes. Ciliated type propels mucous by ciliary action
function of simple columnar epithelium
37
Nonciliated: lines digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands: Ciliated: lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus
location of simple cuboidal epithelium
38
epithelium with goblet cells
simple cuboidal
39
single layer of cells of differing heights, some do not reach free surface. Nuclei seen at diff levels. May have mucous secreting goblet cells and have cilia
description of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
40
function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
secretion - mucous | propulsion of mucous by ciliary action
41
Nonciliated: in male sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands Ciliated: lines trachea!!! - most of upper respiratory tract
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
42
thick membrane of many cell layers. Basal cells - cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active. Active in mitosis and produce cells of superficial layers surface cells-squamous keratinized: surface cells full of keratin and dead
function of stratified squamous epithelium
43
function of stratified squamous epithelium
protects underlying tissue in areas subjected to abrasion
44
Nonkeratinized: moist linings of esophagus, mouth, vagina Keratinized: epidermis of skin, dry membrane
location of stratified squamous epithelium
45
generally two layers of cube like cells
description of stratified cuboidal epithelium
46
function is protection
stratified cuboidal epithelium
47
in the largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands
location of stratified cuboidal epithelium
48
several cell layers basal cells: cuboidal superficial cells: elongated and columnar
description of stratified columnar epithelium
49
function of stratified columnar epithelium
protection and secretion
50
location of stratified columnar epithelium
rare in body | small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands
51
resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal basal cells: cuboidal or columnar surface cells: dome shaped or squamous depending on organ stretch
description of transitional epithelium
52
function of transitional epithelium
stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
53
location of transitional epithelium
lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

A & P Lab (12 decks)

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