A & P 2 Exam 1: Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear
ear infection
common in kids because their ear is so small it is easy to get up there

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2
Q

internal ear/labyrinth

A

2 divisions: bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

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3
Q

bony labyrinth

A

cavity in temporal bone with: semicircular canals, vestibule, cochlea

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4
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

ducts and sacs: semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule, cochlear duct

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5
Q

what is the fluid in the bony labyrinth

A

perilymph

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6
Q

what is the fluid in the membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

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7
Q

cochlea

A

contains sensory receptors for hearing

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8
Q

what parts are involved in equilibrium

A

vestibule and semicircular canals

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9
Q

what is a soft wormlike tube that winds thorugh the full turns of the cochlea and separates the perilymph cochlea cavity into upper nd lower chambers (scala vestibuli and scala tympani)

A

cochlear duct

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10
Q

where does the scala vestibuli terminate

A

the oval window which seats the foot plate of the stapes

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11
Q

the scala tympani is bound by a membranous area called the—–

A

round window

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12
Q

what contains the receptors for hearing

A

spiral organ

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13
Q

what forms the floor of the cochlear duct

A

basilar membrane

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14
Q

roof of the cochlear duct is called the

A

vestibular membrane

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15
Q

mechanism of hearing

A

vibration of stapes at oval window creates pressure waves in perilymph of scala vestibuli which are transferred to endolymph in the cochlear duct
basilar membrane is displaced by pressure waves and the hairs bend - depolarization occurs from bending of hair cells

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16
Q

results from damage to neural structures anywhere from the cochkear hair cells through neurons of the auditory cortex

A

sensorineural deafness

17
Q

acuity test

A
  • pack an ear with cotton

- obtain ticking clock hold it close to unpacked ear and then walk away, measure distance wen they stop hearing ticking

18
Q

weber test

A

to determine conduction and sensorineural deafness

- tuning fork on persons head, is it heard equally on both sides

19
Q

occurs when something prevents sound waves from reaching the fluids of the internal ear
- ear wax, inflammation, damages ossicles can be causes

A

conduction deafness

20
Q

rine test

A

used to compare bone and air-conduction hearing
- srike tuning fork and place on mastoid process
- when no longer hear sound hold close to external accoustic meatus
if they hear it again hearing is not impaired,

bone conduction: put on mastoid process first
air conduction: put near external accoustic meatus first

21
Q

what dos the vestibule contain

A

utricle and saccule

22
Q

what does the semicircular chambers contain?

A

semicircular ducts

23
Q

what do semicircular canals monitor?

A

rotational acceleration
- dynamic equilibrium
3 planes - frontal, horizontal, sagittal

24
Q

within each ampulla is a ______ which consists of a tuft of hai cells covered by a ___

A
crista ampullaris
ampullay cupula (gelatinous cap)
25
Q

how does the endolymph move?

A

it lags behind the actual movement

26
Q

contains another set of hair cells that monitor head position and acceleration in a straight line?
- static equilibrium

A

maculae

27
Q

gelatinous material containing small grains of calcium carbonate called (otolith)

A

otolith membrane

28
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rolling of the eyes in any direction or the trailing of eyes slowly in one direction followed by rapid movement of eyes in oppposite direction

29
Q

barany test

A

nystagmus and verigo testing
- evaluates semicircular canals
if semiciruclar canals normal: get sensation the stool is still rotating immediately after it has stopped - nystagmus demonstrated

when sunject rotated to the right, ampullary cupula bent to the left cusing nystagmus

30
Q

romberg test

A

detemines integrity of dorsal white column of spinal cord

proprioception, posture