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A & P Lab > Lab Exam 2: Embryology > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2: Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

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2
Q

fertilization

A

egg and sperm nuclei fuse to form single nucleus

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3
Q

blastomeres

A

zygote begins to divide

forms mass of successively smaller and smaller cells

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4
Q

cleavage

A

series of mitotic divisions without intervening growth periods
results in multicellular embryonic body

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5
Q

morula

A

solid ball of cells
at the 32-cell stage
embryo resembles a berry shape

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6
Q

blastula

A

the cell mass hollows out
ball of cells surrounding a central cavity
this is the final product of cleavage

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7
Q

early gastrula form

A

one end of blastula has been indented or pushed into the central cavity forming a 2 layered embryo

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8
Q

gastrulation

A

3 layered embryo forms

each layer corresponds to a primary germ layer that all body tissues develop from

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9
Q

endoderm

A

innermost layer of primary germ layer

- epithelial lining of respiratory, GI, reproductive tracts, liver, gallbladder

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10
Q

mesoderm

A

middle layer of primary germ layer

- dermis, skeleton, cardiac, smooth muscle, blood vessels, serous membranes

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11
Q

ectoderm

A

outer layer of primary germ layer
forms surface tissues of the body
- skin, nervous system, senses, nasal and anal cavities

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12
Q

blastocyst

A

fluid filled sphere outlined by trophoblast

final product of cleavage

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13
Q

trophoblast

A

single layer of flattened cells enclosing the embryoblast

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14
Q

embryoblast

A

inner cell mass

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15
Q

chorion

A

this is what a trophoblast forms , it is an extraembryonic membrane
forms the fetal portion of the placenta

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16
Q

embryonic disc

A

forms the embryo proper

has 2 layers

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17
Q

How long is implantation?

A

about 5 days, it is completed by 12 days after fertilization

18
Q

portion of embryoblast that eventually lies beneath the embryo

A

decidua basalis

19
Q

portion of endometrium on the luminal face of the uterus

A

decidua capsularis

20
Q

by the time implantation has completed, embryonic development has progressed to what stage?

A

gastrula stage

21
Q

when is the embryo considered a fetus?

A

by week 9 of development

22
Q

composite of decidua basalis and chorionic villi

A

placenta

23
Q

three extraembryonic membranes

A

amnion, yolk sac, and allantois

24
Q

encases the young embryonic body in a fluid-filled chamber that protects embryo against mechanical trauma and temperature extremes , prevents adhesions during rapid embryonic growth

A

amnion

25
Q

in humans: yolk sac lost original function which was to

pass nutrients to embryo after digesting the yolk mass , now the role of?

A

placenta

26
Q

where embryos first blood cells originate and primordial germ cells migrate from it into embryo’s body to seed gonadal tissue
- forms part of digestive tube

A

yolk sac

27
Q

protrudes from posterior end of yolk sac

  • redundant in humans bc of placenta
  • birds and reptiles: embryonic wastes
  • humans: structural basis on which the mesoderm migrates to form umbilical cord
A

allantois

28
Q

attaches embryo to placenta

A

umbilical cord

29
Q

4 cell stage

A

2 days

30
Q

oocyte

A

egg

31
Q

early blastocyst

A

morula hollows out and fills with fluid, 4 days

32
Q

zona pellucida

A

area around the blastocyst

33
Q

ceolom

A

hollow, fluid-filled cavity that will provide cushion for internal organs

34
Q

uterus

A

organ where offspring are conceived

35
Q

uterine cavity

A

inside of uterus, triangular shape

36
Q

fertilization membrane

A

membranous layer that forms post fertilization by thickening membrane, on microscope it looks like halo around cell

37
Q

amniotic cavity vs amnion

A

amniotic cavity : closed sac between amnion and embryo containing amniotic fluid
amnion: is the membrane forming the fluid-filled cavity

38
Q

endometrium

A

mucous membrane lining the uterus, thickens during menstrual cycle

39
Q

blastocyst cavity

A

cavity in the morula that is filled with fluid

40
Q

ovulation

A

process when mature egg is released from an ovary

  • it is halfway through a menstrual cycle, about 6 days
  • best time to get pregnant
41
Q

fallopian tube

A

where conception occurs

42
Q

ovary

A

female glands where estrogen and progesterone are made

eggs are also made in the ovaries

A & P Lab (12 decks)

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