Lab Exam 2: Organelles

Question 1

what are the three major parts of an animal cell?

Answer 1

nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Question 2

contains genetic material, DNA, genes, control center of cell, necessary for cell reproduction

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

chromatin

Answer 3

threadlike, loosely dispersed genetic material

Question 4

chromosomes

Answer 4

chromatin coiled and condensed forming dense, rodlike bodies

Question 5

composed primarily of proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

- assembly site for ribosomes that are abundant in the cytoplasm

Answer 5

nucleoli

Question 6

the nucleus is bound by this double layered porous membrane

- distinguished by large nuclear pores

Answer 6

nuclear envelope

Question 7

nuclear pores

Answer 7

permit easy passage of proteins and RNA

Question 8

separates cell contents from surrounding environment , providing a protective barrier

Answer 8

plasma membrane

Question 9

what molecules can help stabilize the plasma membrane?

Answer 9

cholesterol

Question 10

greatly increase the surface area of the cell available for absorption or passage of materials and for the binding of signaling molecules

Answer 10

microvilli

Question 11

metabolic machinery of the cell

Answer 11

organelles

Question 12

stored foods, pigment granules, crystals, or water vacuoles and ingested foreign materials are…

Answer 12

examples of inclusions

Question 13

ribosomes

Answer 13

• have RNA and protein
• sites of protein synthesis
• can be free or attached to a membrane

Question 14

rough ER

Answer 14

studded with ribosomes

- provides area of storage and transport of the proteins made on the ribosomes to other cell areas

Question 15

smooth ER

Answer 15

site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification

Question 16

golgi apparatus

Answer 16

flattened sacs with bulbous ends associated with small vesicles

• package proteins for export from cell or incorporation into plasma membrane
• packages lysosomal enzymes

Question 17

lysosomes

Answer 17

sacs with digestive enzymes

• digest worn out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter cell
• “suicide sacs” can destruct entire cell if ruptured

Question 18

peroxisomes

Answer 18

sacs of oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, free radicals

- abundant in liver and kidney cells

Question 19

mitochondria

Answer 19

powerhouse of cell

have enzymes to oxidize food stuff into energy

Question 20

centrioles

Answer 20

direct formation of mitotic spindle in cell division

- form bases of cilia and flagella (known as basal bodies)

Question 21

cytoskeletal elements

Answer 21

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 22

microfilaments

Answer 22

made of actin so they are important in cell mobility

Question 23

intermediate filaments

Answer 23

resist mechanical forces acting on cells

Question 24

microtubules

Answer 24

form internal structure of centrioles ad determine cell shape