Lab Exam 3: Connective Tissue Flashcards
connective tissue
found in all parts of body as discrete structures or whole body organs
what is the most abundant and widely spread tissue type?
connective tissue
4 main types of connective tissue
connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood
Two subclasses of connective tissue proper
loose connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular)
dense connective tissue (dense regular, dense irregular, elastic)
Main functions of connective tissue
protect, support, insulate, bind together other tissues of body
connective tissue in the bones
osseous tissue
- protect and support other body tissues and organs
what type of connective tissue are ligaments and tendons and what do they do?
dense regular connective tissue
- bind bones together or connect skeletal muscle to bones
areolar connective tissue
soft packaging material that cushions and protects body organs
adipose tissue
provides insulation for the body tissues and a source of stored energy
3 characteristics of connective tissue
common origin - embryonic tissue
degrees of vascularity - rich blood supply except cartilage (avascular) and dense (poorly vascularized)
extracellular matrix
Two components of extracellular matrix
ground substance and fibers
ground substance
composed of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans
may be liquid, semisolid, gel-like or very hard
lacunae
cavities in the matrix
Fibers that provide support
collagen fibers (white), elastic fibers (yellow), reticular (fine collagen)
most abundant fiber?
collagen
all connective tissues are a variation of what type of connective tissue
areolar
cell type that secretes its matrix
fibroblast
gel-like ground substance containing fibers, star shaped mesenchymal cells
embryonic connective tissue: mesenchymal description
function of embryonic CT mesenchymal
gives rise to all other connective tissue types
location of embryonic CT mesenchymal
embryo
gel-like matrix with all 3 fiber types/ cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, mast cells, some WBC
CT loose: areolar
wraps and cushions organs. the macrophages phagocytose the bacteria. role in inflammation. holds and conveys tissue fluid
function of CT loose: areolar
location of CT loose, areolar
under epithelia of body
- forms lamina propria of mucous membranes, packages organs, surrounds capillaries
matrix like areolar but sparse, closely packed adipocytes, have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet
description of CT: loose, adipose
function of CT loose: adipose
provides reserve fuel
insulates against heat loss
supports and protects organs
location of CT loose: adipose
under skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, in breasts
network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance, reticular cells lie on the network
description of CT proper: loose, reticular
fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types - WBC, mast cells, macrophages
function of CT proper: loose, reticular
in lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen)
location of CT proper: loose, reticular
primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers, major cell type = fibroblast
CT proper: dense regular
function of CT proper dense regular
attaches muscle to bone, attaches bone to bone, withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
location of CT proper dense regular
tendons, most ligaments , aponeuroses
dense regular CT containing a high proportion of elastic fibers
function of CT proper - elastic
function of CT proper: elastic
allows recoil of tissue following stretching
maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries
aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration
location of CT proper- elastic
walls of large arteries, within certain ligaments associated with vertebral column, in walls of bronchial tubes
primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers, major cell type: fibroblast
description of CT proper: dense irregular
function of CT proper: dense irregular
able to withstand tension exerted in many directions
provides structural strength
location of CT proper: dense irregular
fibrous capsules of organs and joints
dermis of skin
submucosa of digestive tract
amorphous, but firm matrix
collagen fibers form imperceptible network
chondroblasts produce matrix and when mature they lie in lacunae
description of cartilage (hyaline)
function of collagen - hyaline
supports and reinforces
serves as resilient cushion
resists compressive stress
forms most of the embryonic skeleton, covers ends of long bones in joint cavities
forms costal cartilages of ribs, cartilages of nose, trchea, larynx
location of cartilage - hyaline
description of cartilage - elastic
more elastic fibers in matrix than hyaline cartilage
function of elastic cartilage
maintains shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
location of elastic cartilage
supports external ear , epiglottis
matrix less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate
description of cartilage - fibrocartilage
function of fibrocartilage
tensile strength with ability to absorb compressive shock
location of fibrocartilage
intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint
- blue and purple on slide
description of bones (osseous tissue)
hard, calcified matrix with many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae;well vascularized
function of osseous tissue (bone)
- supports and protects
- provides levers for muscles to act on
- stores Ca and minerals and fat
- marrow in bones is site of blood cell formation `
description of blood
red and white blood cells in fluid matrix
function of blood
transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes
location of blood
contained within blood vessels
