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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Lab Exam 3: CNS & Senses, PNS, Endocrine System & Internal Organs > Flashcards

Lab Exam 3: CNS & Senses, PNS, Endocrine System & Internal Organs Flashcards

1
Q

How are cervical spinal nerves named?

A

based on vertebra below the nerve

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2
Q

How are thoracic & lumbar spinal nerves named?

A

based on vertebra above the nerve

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3
Q

What does the fibrous tunic layer of eye consist of?

A

sclera & cornea

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4
Q

what does the vascular tunic layer of the eye consist of?

A

choroid & iris

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5
Q

what does the sensory tunic layer of the eye consist of?

A

Retina

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6
Q

What is sensed in the vestibule?

A

balance

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7
Q

what are the major plexuses of the PNS?

A

Cervical Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Lumbosacral Plexus

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8
Q

what is a plexus

A

bundle of nerves innervating a certain region of the body

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9
Q

Where is the cervical plexus located and what regions of the body does it innervates

A

C1-C4
-innervates the neck & throat, and diaphragm

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10
Q

where is the brachial plexus located and what regions of the body does it innervate

A

C5-C11
-innervates shoulder and arm

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11
Q

where is the lumbosacral plexus located and what regions of the body does it innervate

A

L1-S4
-Lumbar innervates abdomen, hips, & legs
-Sacral innervates hips & legs

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12
Q

Which nerve originates anteriorly, passes posteriorly around the olecranon process, and then passes anteriorly through the medial forearm

A

Ulnar nerve

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13
Q

which nerve innervates the only muscles found in the shoulder

A

Axillary nerve

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14
Q

which nerve passes posteriorly through the upper arm, anteriorly over the elbow, and then posteriorly through the forearm

A

Radial nerve

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15
Q

Which nerve is the major nerve in the anterior thigh

A

Femoral nerve

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16
Q

which nerve is the major nerve in the posterior thigh, and splits into other nerves at the knee

A

Sciatic nerve

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17
Q

which nerve splits laterally from the sciatic nerve and passes into the anterior lower leg

A

Common Peroneal (fibular) nerve

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18
Q

which nerve splits medially from the sciatic nerve and enters the posterior lower leg

A

Tibial nerve

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19
Q

Which direction do signals go for motor neurons

A

Away from spinal cord (leave CNS)

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20
Q

Which direction do signals go for sensory neurons

A

To spinal cord (Come to CNS)

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21
Q

What color represents nerves on models

A

Yellow

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22
Q

what kind of tissue is the papillae of the tongue made of

A

epithelial tissue

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23
Q

what kind of tissue is the lamina propria of the tongue made of

A

connective tissue

24
Q

where are taste buds of the tongue found

A

on the sides of papillae

25
Q

what hormone does the hypothalamus produce

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

26
Q

what effect does antidiuretic hormone have

A

stimulates the reabsorption and retention of water by kidneys

27
Q

what hormones does the thyroid produce

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

28
Q

what effect does Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) have

A

Increase basal metabolic rates & protein synthesis

29
Q

what effect does calcitonin have

A

decreases calcium in the blood

30
Q

what hormones does the ovary produce

A

estrogen
Progesterone

31
Q

what effect do estrogen and progesterone have

A

regulates ovarian cycle

32
Q

what hormone does the pineal gland produce

A

melatonin

33
Q

what effect does melatonin have on the body

A

regulates sleep cycles

34
Q

what hormone does the anterior pituitary produce

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

35
Q

what effect does Luteinizing hormone (LH) have

A

stimulates production of sex cells in ovaries and testes, and regulates the production of hormones

36
Q

what hormone does the parathyroid produce

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

37
Q

what effect does Parathyroid hormone (PTH) have

A

increases calcium in blood

38
Q

what hormone does the pancreas produce

A

Insulin

39
Q

what effect does insulin have

A

decreases blood glucose levels

40
Q

What structure are the adrenal glands most closely associated with

A

Kidneys

41
Q

What structure is the thymus most closely associated with

A

Heart

42
Q

What structure is the thyroid most closely associated with

A

Larynx

43
Q

What structure is the pituitary most closely associated with

A

Brain

44
Q

What structure is the parathyroid most closely associated with

A

Thyroid gland (posterior portion)

45
Q

What 2 hormones are associated with maintaining calcium levels in the blood? What causes each to be secreted and what effects do they have?

A

Calcitonin- secreted when calcium levels are high
-causes calcium in blood to decrease

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)- secreted when calcium levels are low
-causes calcium in blood to increase

46
Q

What major organ system is the heart associated with?

A

Cardiovascular

47
Q

What major organ system are the lungs associated with?

A

Respiratory

48
Q

What major organ system is the stomach associated with?

A

Digestive

49
Q

What major organ system is the small intestine associated with?

A

Digestive

50
Q

What major organ system is the large intestine (colon) associated with?

A

Digestive

51
Q

What major organ system is the liver associated with?

A

Digestive

52
Q

What major organ system is the gall bladder associated with?

A

Digestive

53
Q

What major organ system is the pancreas associated with?

A

Digestive

54
Q

What major organ system are the kidneys associated with?

A

Urinary

55
Q

What major organ system is the bladder associated with?

A

Urinary

56
Q

How do glands appear on the models

A

light yellow, bubbly looking structures

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (8 decks)

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