Lab Exam 3: CNS & Senses, PNS, Endocrine System & Internal Organs Flashcards
How are cervical spinal nerves named?
based on vertebra below the nerve
How are thoracic & lumbar spinal nerves named?
based on vertebra above the nerve
What does the fibrous tunic layer of eye consist of?
sclera & cornea
what does the vascular tunic layer of the eye consist of?
choroid & iris
what does the sensory tunic layer of the eye consist of?
Retina
What is sensed in the vestibule?
balance
what are the major plexuses of the PNS?
Cervical Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Lumbosacral Plexus
what is a plexus
bundle of nerves innervating a certain region of the body
Where is the cervical plexus located and what regions of the body does it innervates
C1-C4
-innervates the neck & throat, and diaphragm
where is the brachial plexus located and what regions of the body does it innervate
C5-C11
-innervates shoulder and arm
where is the lumbosacral plexus located and what regions of the body does it innervate
L1-S4
-Lumbar innervates abdomen, hips, & legs
-Sacral innervates hips & legs
Which nerve originates anteriorly, passes posteriorly around the olecranon process, and then passes anteriorly through the medial forearm
Ulnar nerve
which nerve innervates the only muscles found in the shoulder
Axillary nerve
which nerve passes posteriorly through the upper arm, anteriorly over the elbow, and then posteriorly through the forearm
Radial nerve
Which nerve is the major nerve in the anterior thigh
Femoral nerve
which nerve is the major nerve in the posterior thigh, and splits into other nerves at the knee
Sciatic nerve
which nerve splits laterally from the sciatic nerve and passes into the anterior lower leg
Common Peroneal (fibular) nerve
which nerve splits medially from the sciatic nerve and enters the posterior lower leg
Tibial nerve
Which direction do signals go for motor neurons
Away from spinal cord (leave CNS)
Which direction do signals go for sensory neurons
To spinal cord (Come to CNS)
What color represents nerves on models
Yellow
what kind of tissue is the papillae of the tongue made of
epithelial tissue
what kind of tissue is the lamina propria of the tongue made of
connective tissue
where are taste buds of the tongue found
on the sides of papillae
what hormone does the hypothalamus produce
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
what effect does antidiuretic hormone have
stimulates the reabsorption and retention of water by kidneys
what hormones does the thyroid produce
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
what effect does Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) have
Increase basal metabolic rates & protein synthesis
what effect does calcitonin have
decreases calcium in the blood
what hormones does the ovary produce
estrogen
Progesterone
what effect do estrogen and progesterone have
regulates ovarian cycle
what hormone does the pineal gland produce
melatonin
what effect does melatonin have on the body
regulates sleep cycles
what hormone does the anterior pituitary produce
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
what effect does Luteinizing hormone (LH) have
stimulates production of sex cells in ovaries and testes, and regulates the production of hormones
what hormone does the parathyroid produce
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
what effect does Parathyroid hormone (PTH) have
increases calcium in blood
what hormone does the pancreas produce
Insulin
what effect does insulin have
decreases blood glucose levels
What structure are the adrenal glands most closely associated with
Kidneys
What structure is the thymus most closely associated with
Heart
What structure is the thyroid most closely associated with
Larynx
What structure is the pituitary most closely associated with
Brain
What structure is the parathyroid most closely associated with
Thyroid gland (posterior portion)
What 2 hormones are associated with maintaining calcium levels in the blood? What causes each to be secreted and what effects do they have?
Calcitonin- secreted when calcium levels are high
-causes calcium in blood to decrease
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)- secreted when calcium levels are low
-causes calcium in blood to increase
What major organ system is the heart associated with?
Cardiovascular
What major organ system are the lungs associated with?
Respiratory
What major organ system is the stomach associated with?
Digestive
What major organ system is the small intestine associated with?
Digestive
What major organ system is the large intestine (colon) associated with?
Digestive
What major organ system is the liver associated with?
Digestive
What major organ system is the gall bladder associated with?
Digestive
What major organ system is the pancreas associated with?
Digestive
What major organ system are the kidneys associated with?
Urinary
What major organ system is the bladder associated with?
Urinary
How do glands appear on the models
light yellow, bubbly looking structures
