Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Lab Exam 3 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

List muscles of head and functions (9)

A
  1. occipitofrontalis (frontal belly and occipital belly):
  2. orbicularis oculi:
  3. temporalis:
  4. masseter:
  5. Buccinator:
  6. Orbicularis Oris:
  7. Zygomaticus major:
  8. zygomaticus minor:
  9. Risorius:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

Occipitofrontalis: Frontal belly, occipital belly seperated by epicranial aponeurosis

frontal belly: Elevates the eyebrows from a neutral position, creating horizontal wrinkles across the forehead.
occipital belly: Pulls the scalp backward from a neutral position, which smooths the forehead and can lower the eyebrows slightly if the frontal belly is relaxed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

orbicularis oculi

Constricts the eyelids, bringing them together from an open or neutral position. This action includes both gentle closing, such as in blinking, and forceful closing, as in squinting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

temporalis

Elevates the mandible from a resting position, closing the jaw. It also retracts the mandible, pulling the lower jaw backward from a protruded position. This action is essential for biting and chewing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

Masseter

Elevates the mandible

from a resting position, closes the jaw.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A

Buccinator

Compresses the cheek against the teeth, assisting in actions like blowing, sucking, and keeping food between the teeth during chewing. This action pulls the cheek inward from a neutral position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

Orbicularis Oris

Closes and purses lips.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

Zygomaticus Major

Elevates corner of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

Risorius

Draws corner of mouth laterally (smiling / sonrisa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Sternocleidomastoid

Unilateral action laterally flexes (brings head to shoulders) or rotates the neck, bilateral action flexes the neck forward (nodding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

Anterior, middle and posterior scalenes

Elevate the first and second ribs during inspiration, lateral flexion of the neck (head to shoulder).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List Muscles of the neck / back and functions (10)

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid:
  2. scalenes anterior / middle / posterior:
  3. Levator Scapulae:
  4. Trapezius:
  5. Rhomboid Major:
  6. Rhomboid Minor:
  7. Serratus Anterior:
  8. Erector Spinae longissimus:
  9. erector spinae iliocostalis:
  10. erector spinae spinalis:
  11. Latissimus Dorsi:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

Levator Scapulae

Elevates the scapula (raises the shoulder blade toward the ear) from a neutral position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

Trapezius

Elevates / depresses / retracts the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

latissimus dorsi

  • Humerus / shoulder adduction: The movement of bringing the humerus closer to the body’s midline.

adducts the humerus from a more overhead or extended position, pulling the arm down toward the body from above, like when pulling something down from above your head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

Rhomboid Major

Retracts the shoulder (scapula adduction) (pulls the shoulder blades toward the spine) from a protracted position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

Rhomboid Minor

Retracts the shoulder (scapula adduction)

pulls the shoulder blades toward the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

Serratus anterior

Protracts the shoulder (scapulae abduction) (pulls the shoulder blade forward and around the ribcage, as in pushing or punching movements).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

erector spinae spinalis

Extends the vertebral column (pulls the spine backward from a flexed position), particularly focusing on the thoracic region. It helps maintain an upright posture.

erector spinae longissimus
directly lateral to spinalis

Extends the vertebral column (pulls the spine backward) and assists in lateral flexion (bends the spine to the side). It also plays a role in the rotation of the head and neck.

erector spinae iliocostalis

ilio costalis branches

Extends the vertebral column (pulls the spine backward) and assists in lateral flexion (bends the spine to the side), particularly affecting the thoracic and lumbar regions. It also helps stabilize the spine during movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

diaphragms

Contraction increases volume of thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

External intercostals

elevates rib cage during inspiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

Internal intercostals

depresses rib cage during expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

pectoralis major

horizontally Adducts the humerus

Primarily adducts the humerus from a position where the arm is raised or out to the side (abducted). It pulls the arm toward the body in a more horizontal plane, as in bringing the arms together in front of the chest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List Muscles of the Anterior Trunk

A
  1. Diaphragm:
  2. External intercostals:
  3. Internal intercostals:
  4. Pectoralis major:
  5. Pectoralis Minor:
  6. Rectus Abdominis:
  7. External Oblique:
  8. transverse abdominis:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
A

pectoralis minor

protracts and depresses shoulder

Protracts the scapula (pulls the shoulder blade forward and around the ribcage) and depresses the scapula (lowers the shoulder blade).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A

Rectus abdominis

Flexes the vertebral column

brings the torso forward from a neutral or extended position, as in performing a sit-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
A

external abdominal oblique

Laterally flexes the vertebral column

lateral flexion, flexes torso to one side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
A

internal abdominal oblique

laterally flexes the vertebral column / flexes vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
A

transverse abdominis

Compresses abdominal wall

draws the abdomen inward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
A

Deltoid

Abducts the humerus (raises the arm away from the body) from a neutral position, particularly from 15 to 90 degrees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
A

Supraspinatus

abducts humerus

Initiates abduction of the arm (raises the arm away from the body), particularly the first 15 degrees of movement before the deltoid muscle takes over.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
A

Infraspinatus

Lateral rotation of humerus

from anatomical position lateral rotation of the humerus by the infraspinatus muscle rotates the arm so that the palm turns to face outward, away from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
A

Teres Major

medial rotation of humerus

medial rotation of humerus: from anatomical position medial rotation causes the palm to turn toward the body / backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
A

Teres Minor

Laterally rotates the humerus

works with infraspinatus to laterally rotate humerus, from anatomical position turns palm outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
A

Subscapularis

medial rotation of humerus

The subscapularis and teres major work together to medially rotate the humerus, turning the upper arm bone inward toward the body’s midline, which causes the palm to turn inward or backward from the anatomical position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
A

Biceps Brachii

Flexes the elbow

brings the forearm toward the upper shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
A

Coracobrachialis

Deep to biceps, attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula deep to short head of bicep attachment

shoulder flexion

from anatomical position raise arm infront of you (not out to the side)

shoulder / humerus abduction = raising arm to the side
shoulder / humerus flexion = raising arm in front of you

38
Q

List Muscles of acromial and brachial regions

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Infraspinatus
  4. Teres Minor
  5. Teres Major
  6. Subscapularis
  7. Brachialis
  8. Biceps Brachii
  9. Coracobrachialis
  10. Triceps Brachii
39
Q
A

triceps brachii

Extends the elbow

straightens arm from a flexed position

40
Q
A

Brachialis

deep to bicep brachii

elbow flexion

41
Q

List Muscle of the antebrachial region

A
  1. pronator teres
  2. flexor carpi radialis
  3. palmaris longus
  4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  5. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
  6. Flexor Pollicis longus
  7. Brachioradialis
  8. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  9. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  10. Extensor digitorum
  11. Extensor carpi ulnaris
  12. supinator
42
Q
A

pronator teres

lateral to flexor carpi radialis and medial to brachioradialis. Goes under brachioradialis

pronation

Rotates the forearm inward, turning the palm downward from a supinated or neutral position.

43
Q
A

Flexor carpi radialis

medial to pronator teres. Attaches at thumb side of carpals.
moving medially, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

flexes the wrists

from anatomical position brings hand towards forarm

44
Q
A

Palmaris longus

medial to flexor carpi radialus, lateral to flexor carpi ulnaris

weak flexion of wrist

45
Q
A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

deep to flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus

Flexes fingers and wrists

46
Q
A

flexor carpi ulnaris

medial to palmaris longus, wraps to posterior of arm.

Flexes the wrist

bends the wrist forward

47
Q
A

flexor pollicis longus

deep and lateral to flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexes the thumb

48
Q
A

Brachioradialis

lateral to flexor carpi radialis. The large lateral side of the V formed with pronator teres

Flexes the elbow

brings the forearm toward the upper arm

49
Q
A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

directly lateral and a bit around the arm to the brachioradialis. Attaches at first metacarpal

Extends the wrist
straightens the wrist from a flexed position

50
Q
A

Extensor Carpi Radialis brevis

posteriorly adjacent to extensor carpi radialis longus

Extends the wrist

51
Q
A

extensor digitorum

between extensor carpi radialis breves and extensor carpi ulnaris

Extends the fingers

straightens the fingers from a flexed position

52
Q
A

extensor carpi ulnaris

medial to extensor digitorum, connects at pinky side, lateral to flexor carpi ulnaris

Extends the wrist

straightens the wrist from a flexed position

makes v with flexor carpi ularis (medial)

53
Q
A

supinator

deep to brachialradialis

Supinates the forearm

rotates the forearm outward, turning the palm upward from a pronated or neutral position.

54
Q

List muscles of hip and thigh

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Gluteus Medius
  3. Piriformis
  4. Psoas Major
  5. Iliacus
  6. Hamstrings - Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
  7. Sartorius
  8. Quadriceps Femoris - Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
  9. Adductor longus
  10. Adductor magnus
  11. Gracilis
  12. Tensor Fasciae Latae
55
Q
A

Gluteus Maximus

hip extensions / hip abduction

moves the leg backward from a flexed position

56
Q
A

Gluteus Medius

Abducts the hip

moves the leg away from the midline of the body

57
Q
A

Piriformis

lateral rotation of femur

rotates the thigh outward / from the anatomical position, lateral rotation causes the foot to point outward, away from the midline.

deep to gluteus maximus

58
Q
A

Psoas Major

directly medial to iliacus

Flexes the thigh / hip

brings the thigh upward toward the torso

59
Q
A

Iliacus

directly lateral to psoas major

Flexes the thigh / hip

brings the thigh upward toward the torso

60
Q
A

Hamstrings

Long Head of Biceps Femoris
most lateral

Semitendinosus
middle

Semimembranosus
most medial

Flexes the knee

bends the leg at the knee joint bringing the foot towards the ass

61
Q
A

Sartorius

Flexes the thigh / hip

brings the thigh upward toward the torso

62
Q
A

Quadriceps Femoris

Rectus femoris
large central muscle

vastus lateralis
lateral to rectus femoris

vastus medialis
medial to rectus femoris

vastus intermedius
deep to rectus femoris

knee extension - from flexed position, straightens leg

63
Q
A

Adductor longus

Adducts the thigh / hip

brings the thigh inward toward the body’s midline

Same layer as gracilis (#15), on model adductor magnus is lateral and deep to gricilis

64
Q
A

Adductor magnus

Adducts the thigh

It is deep to Gracilis (15), partially covered by adductor longus which is the same layer as gracilis

65
Q
A

Gracilis

Hip adduction

Gracilis #15, Adductor magnus #14, Adductor longus medial.

66
Q
A

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Hip abduction

It is directly lateral and superior to rectus femoris

67
Q

List muscles of lower leg

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Popliteus
  4. tibialis posterior
  5. Flexor digitorum longus
  6. Flexor hallucis longus
  7. Tibialis anterior
  8. Extensor digitorum longus
  9. Fibularis (peroneus) longus
  10. Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
68
Q
A

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexes the foot

points the toes downward

69
Q
A

Soleus

Plantar flexes the foot

points the toes downward, pushing the foot away from the body

Deep to gastrocnemius

70
Q
A

Popliteus

Knee flexion

posterior, lateral deep to lateral head of gastrocnemius

26, 28 is tibialis posterior

71
Q
A

tibialis posterior

medial to flexor hallucis longus, lateral to flexor digitorum longus

Inverts the foot

turns the sole inward

26 is popliteus

72
Q
A

Flexor digitorum longus

Toe flexion

curls the toes downward

26 popliteus, 29 flexor hallicus longus, 28 tibialis posterior muscle

medial, primarily posterior but can see inferior section from anterior view under soleus

73
Q
A

Tibialis anterior

superficial / anterior to tibialis posterior

Dorsiflexes the foot

lifts the foot upward

The picker upper

74
Q
A

Extensor digitorum longus

Extends the toes - lifts the toes upward

dorsiflexes the foot - lifts the foot upward

75
Q
A

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

lateral to extensor digitorum longus

Everts the foot
turns the sole outward

76
Q
A

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

deep to fibularis longus, lateral (pinky side / fibulae) of leg

Everts the foot
turns the sole outward

77
Q
A

flexor hallucis longus

Flexes the great toe (hallux)

78
Q
A

Axillary Nerve
68

Plexus: Brachial Plexus

Function: Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles, enabling shoulder abduction and rotation, and provides sensory innervation to the skin over the deltoid region.

79
Q
A

Radial Nerve
80

Plexus: Brachial Plexus

Function: Innervates the muscles of the posterior arm and forearm, including the triceps brachii and extensor muscles, enabling extension of the elbow, wrist, and fingers, and provides sensory innervation to the posterior arm, forearm, and hand.

80
Q
A

Musculocutaneous
70

Plexus: Brachial Plexus

Function: Innervates the muscles of the anterior arm, including the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis, enabling flexion of the elbow, and provides sensory innervation to the lateral forearm.

81
Q
A

Median
71

Plexus: Brachial Plexus

Function: Innervates most of the anterior forearm muscles and some hand muscles, enabling flexion of the wrist and fingers, and provides sensory innervation to the lateral palm and the first three and a half fingers.

82
Q
A

ulnar

Plexus: Brachial Plexus

Function: Innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand and some forearm muscles, enabling fine motor control of the hand and fingers, and provides sensory innervation to the medial side of the hand, including the little finger and half of the ring finger.

83
Q
A

Femoral
Plexus: Lumbar Plexus

Function: Innervates the anterior thigh muscles, including the quadriceps, enabling extension of the knee, and provides sensory innervation to the anterior thigh and the medial lower leg via the saphenous nerve

84
Q
A

Sacral Plexus

85
Q

Number 67

A

Brachial Plexus

86
Q

61

A

Obturator

Plexus: Lumbar Plexus

Function: Innervates the medial thigh muscles, including the adductors, enabling adduction of the thigh, and provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial thigh.

87
Q
A

sciatic

Plexus: Sacral Plexus

Function: Innervates the posterior thigh muscles, including the hamstrings, enabling thigh extension and knee flexion, and it branches into the tibial and common fibular nerves, which innervate the lower leg and foot.

88
Q

64

A

Tibial

Plexus: Sacral Plexus (as a branch of the Sciatic Nerve)

Function: Innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg, including the gastrocnemius and soleus, enabling plantar flexion of the foot and flexion of the toes, and provides sensory innervation to the sole of the foot.

89
Q
A

Common Fibular

Plexus: Sacral Plexus (as a branch of the Sciatic Nerve)

Function: Innervates the muscles of the anterior and lateral compartments of the lower leg, enabling dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes, and provides sensory innervation to the upper lateral leg and dorsum of the foot.

90
Q

What nerves are carried in the dorsal root, the ventral root, what is the dorsal root ganglion?

A

The dorsal root contains sensory neurons.
The ventral root contains motor neurons.
The dorsal root ganglion is a cluster of sensory neuron cell bodies located in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve.

91
Q

What do the ascending and descending tracts convey

A

The ascending tracts of the white columns convey sensory information to the brain.
The descending tracts of the white columns convey motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord.

A&P (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions