Lab Exam 2 Shark Muscles

Question 1

Dorsal superficial branchial constrictor

Answer 1

Compress pharyngeal pouches; those portions that close pharyngeal slits 2 to 5 are considered by some as branchial trematic constrictors

Question 2

Epibranchial musculature

Answer 2

Anterior extension of epaxial musculature; Elevate chondrocranium during feeding

Question 3

Cucullaris

Answer 3

Elevates pectoral girdle, elevates last branchial arch

Question 4

Dorsal hyoid constrictor

Answer 4

Compresses first pharyngeal pouch; that portion of it, considered by some as a hyoid trematic constrictor, closes 1st pharyngeal slit

Question 5

Pectoral abductor

Answer 5

Abducts and flattens pectoral fin

Question 6

Myomere

Answer 6

Flex trunk and tail to the side

Question 7

Myosepta

Answer 7

Where myomeres insert and originate

Question 8

Ventral superficial branchial constrictor

Answer 8

Compress pharyngeal pouches

Question 9

Ventral hyoid constrictor

Answer 9

Compresses first pharyngeal pouch

Question 10

Adductor mandibulae

Answer 10

Adducts lower jaw

Question 11

Intermandibularis

Answer 11

Left and right side intermandibularis muscles pull lower jaws together toward midline during opening of jaws and hyoid arch; help elevate floor of oral cavity when mouth closed

Question 12

Levator hyomandibulae

Answer 12

Elevates hyomandibular cartilage

Question 13

Spiracularis

Answer 13

Closes spiracle

Question 14

Levator palatoquadrati

Answer 14

Elevates palatoquadrate (upper jaw)

Question 15

Coracoarcualis

Answer 15

Helps depress basihyal and ceratohyal cartilages, expanding oral and pharyngeal cavities

Question 16

Coracomandibularis

Answer 16

Abducts lower jaw

Question 17

Interhyoideus

Answer 17

Left and right side interhyoideus muscles pull ceratohyals together toward midline during opening of jaws and hyoid arch; help elevate floor of oral cavity when mouth closed

Question 18

Coracohyoid

Answer 18

Abduct hyoid arch

Question 19

Pectoral adductor

Answer 19

Adducts pectoral fin

Question 20

Pectoral protractor

Answer 20

Protracts pectoral fin

Question 21

Pelvic abductor

Answer 21

Abducts and flattens pelvic fin

Question 22

Pelvic adductor

Answer 22

Adducts pelvic fin

Question 23

Epaxial musculature

Answer 23

Dorsal myomeres of trunk and tail

Question 24

Hypaxial musculature

Answer 24

Ventral myomeres of trunk and tail

Question 25

Spiracle

Answer 25

take in water and ventilate the gills

Question 26

Scapular process

Answer 26

projections off the pectoral girdle

Question 27

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Answer 27

sensory pores used to detect electric fields of prey

Question 28

Labial cartilage

Answer 28

Cartilage associated with the mouth

Question 29

Coracoid bar

Answer 29

connects the pectoral girdle across the midline

Question 30

Linea alba

Answer 30

separates the left and right halves of the hypaxial musculatures